Questions
DP Biology
Eukaryotes
1. In the table below, compare prokaryote and eukaryote cells.
Prokaryote
70S (small) ribosomes
Eukaryote
80S (large) ribosomes
No nucleus contains circular DNA NOT
associated with proteins
True nucleus contains linear DNA associated with
proteins
Mitochondria absent
Mitochondria present
No membrane bound organelles
Organelles in discrete membranes
1-10 µm
10-50µm in diameter
2. What is the literal meaning of the term eukaryote?
True nucleus
3. Symbiont theory suggests how eukaryotic cells arose from prokaryotes through evolution.
Briefly outline symbiont theory.
Primitive large prokaryote engulfed smaller prokaryote which was not digested
4. With the aid of labeled diagrams, compare the structures of plant and animal cells.
Include annotations on the functions of each organelle and scale bars to show size.
Questions
DP Biology
Eukaryotes
5. Complete the table below to describe various eukaryotic organelles.
Organelle
Nucleus
Structure (description)
Region of the cell
containing chromosomes,
surrounded by a double
membrane, in which there
are pores.
Function of organelle
Storage and protection of
genetic information on
chromosomes.
Ribosome
Small spherical subunit
consisting of two subunits,
some attached to
membranes, others free.
Protein synthesis
Lysosome
Spherical organelles
surrounded by a single
membrane, containing
hydrolytic enzymes.
Digestion of structures ad
molecules that are not
needed in the cell.
Mitochondrion
Organelles surrounded by
two membranes, the inner
of which is folded inwards.
Cellular respiration
Chloroplast
Double-membrane
containing layers of
membranes (thylakoid
stacks) and the pigment
chlorophyll.
Photosynthesis
Rough
Endoplasmic
reticulum
Large, folding membrane
structure found close to
the nucleus, with
ribosomes attached to
some surfaces.
Ribosomes attached to
surface make proteins,
which are then
transported around the
cell in the flattened sacs
Golgi apparatus
Large, folded membrane
structure found close to
the plasma membrane,
often with vesicles budding
off the outer edge.
Collection, packaging and
distribution of substances
within the cell
Draw it
Questions
DP Biology
Eukaryotes
6. The image below shows a TEM micrograph of a liver cell.
a. Identify the labeled structures.
b. Calculate the magnification of the image.
Image (scale bar)
Actual
24mm
1
24000 µm
1 µm
X 24,000
c. Calculate the maximum diameter of the nucleus.
78 mm at widest point
3.25 X 1 µm = 3.25µm
78/24 = 3.25
7. State three differences between plant and animal cells.
Plant
Cell wall
Permanent vacuole
Chloroplasts
Animal
No cell wall
Temporary vesicle
No chloroplasts
Questions
DP Biology
Eukaryotes
No centrioles
Centrioles
8. Extracellular components are materials or structures which extend beyond the plasma
membrane. Outline the role of an extracellular component in a plant cell and an animal cell.
Plant: Cellulose: provides support to the plant.
Animal: Collagen: Allows cells to be anchored in place
9. In the space below, draw and label three specialized cells (two animal, one plant), outlining the
relationship between structure and function in each case.