Cell Structure & Function
Looking Inside Cells
Chapter 1
Section 2

Organelles
• Tiny cell structures that make up a cell

Cell Wall
• Rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants
– Protects the cell
– Supports the cell

Cell Membrane
• Controls what substances come into and out of the cell

Nucleus
• The cell’s control center, directing all of the cell’s activities

Cytoplasm
• Gel-like fluid that supports the organelles inside the cell

Mitochondria
• Produce most of the energy for the cell
– “Powerhouse”

Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
• Transports protein throughout the cell

Ribosomes
• Produce the cell’s proteins
– Located on the “Rough” ER

Golgi Bodies
• Modify proteins
• Continue to transport proteins

Chloroplasts
• In Plants
– Organelle that capture energy from sunlight and use it to produce food for the cell

Vacuoles
• Storage areas for the cell
– Water
– Waste
– Nutrients

Lysosomes
• Use strong chemicals to digest things like…
– Food particles
– Old/Dead organelle
– Foreign invaders

Bacteria
• Single celled organisms
– Has…
• Cell wall
• Cell Membrane
– Does not have…
• A real nucleus

Specialized Cells
• Each type of cell is specialized
– Skin
– Bones
– Muscles
– Blood
– Brain
– Liver
– Stomach