Biochemistry Study Guide
1. Be able to identify the following structures
a.
Monosaccharide
b.
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
c.
Saturated Fatty Acids
d.
Amino Acids
2. All organic compounds contain what element? Carbon
3. How many bonds does Carbon form? 4
4. How many valence electrons does Carbon have? 4
5. What are the four major groups of Macromolecules? Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, Nucleic Acids
6. What are monomers? Smallest, simplest molecules
7. What are polymers? Made of monomers linked together through dehydration reactions
8. How are Polymers made (What type of reaction)? Dehydration reactions
9. How are Monomers made (what type of reaction)? Hydrolysis reaction
10. What are the Monomers of Proteins? Amino acids
11. Proteins are also known as what? polypeptides
12. What elements make up Proteins/Polypeptides? Carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
13. What are Proteins used for? Muscle, immune system, enzymes, transport
14. What are dipeptides? To amino acids linked together
15. What do enzymes do? Speed up chemical reactions
16. What are the Monomers of Carbohydrates? monosaccharides
17. Carbohydrates are also known as what? Polysaccharides
18. What elements make up Carbohydrates/Polysaccharides? Carbon hydrogen oxygen (Carbon & oxygen are equal)
19. What is the molecular formula for Glucose? C6H12O6
20. What are Carbohydrates used for? energy
21. What type of molecule has the chemical formula C16H32O16? Carbohydrate(carbon and oxygen numbers are equal)
22. What Polysaccharide to animals store glucose as? glycogen
23. What two Polysaccharides to plants store glucose as? Cellulose & starch
24. What is Cellulose used for? Cell walls
25. What are Disaccharides? Two monosaccharides bonded together
26. What are the Monomers of Nucleic Acids? nucleotides
27. What elements make up Nucleic Acids? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
28. What are the three Nucleic Acids? DNA, RNA, ATP
29. What are Nucleic Acids used for? DNA & RNA - Storing and transfer our genetic information; ATP is energy
30. What are the Monomers of Lipids? Fatty acids
31. What elements make up Lipids? Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen (small number of oxygen)
32. What type of Lipids make up the cell wall? Phospholipids
33. What is the composition of a Triglyceride? 1 Glycerol molecule & 3 fatty acids
34. What are Lipids used for? Energy storage, cell walls, transportation of hormones, protections
35. What type of molecule has the formula C18H36O2? Fatty acid (low oxygen number compared to carbon)
36. What is the difference between saturated and unsaturated fats? Unsaturated fats are good for you, liquid at room
temperature and contain double bonds; saturated fats are bad for you, solid at room temperature and contain all
single bonds
37. The graph below shows the results of an action of the enzyme catalase on a piece of meat. Evidence of enzyme
activity is indicated by bubbles of oxygen.
a. At what temperature is Enzyme activity the greatest? Explain
i. After analyzing the graph we can tell that enzyme activity is the greatest at 30 degrees because that
is where the greatest peak occurs.
38. What type of reaction is occurring below? Dehydration reaction forming a dipeptide