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CHAPTER 14: FORGING THE NATIONAL ECONOMY
Intro: Birth of the Market Economy
I. The Westward Movement
 Andrew Jackson: 1st
 West: Most
 Young population
 ½ Americans
 tall tale
 demographic center
 pioneer life
 victims:
 women
 loneliness
 opportunities
 men
 wrestling
 individualistic
 rugged individualism
 exceptions
II. Shaping the Western Landscape
 land exhaustion
 Kentucky
 “rendezvous system”
 Disappearing animals
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 “ecological imperialism”
 George Catlin
 Indians
 proposal
III. The March of the Millions
 1860 # of states
 4th most
 Cities 1790
 New York
 New Orleans
 Chicago
 City Problems
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population increase
immigration
Why?
 overpopulation
 social
 economic
America Letters
Steamships
IV. The Emerald Isle Moves West
 Potato rot
 Black Forties
 cities
 Irish Catholics
 Biddies and Paddies
 NINA
 Ancient Order of Hibernians
 Molly Maguires
 property
 politics
 “Twisting the British Lion’s Tail”
V. The German Forty-Eighters
 Uprooted farmers
 Carl Shurz
 Middle West
 less political?
 Cultural Contributions
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 isolationists
 education
 aloofness
VI. Flare-ups of Antiforeignism
 nativism
 Catholic schools
 American fears
 Know-Nothing Party
 violence
 pluralistic
VII. Creeping Mechanization
 steam
 factory system
 cheap land
 labor shortages
 money shortage
 British monopoly
VIII. Whitney Ends the Fiber Famine
 Samuel Slater
 Moses Brown
 Eli Whitney
 changes from cotton gin
 King Cotton
 slavery
 prosperous regions
IX. Marvels in Manufacturing
 War of 1812
 Tariff of 1816
 Eli Whitney
 interchangeable parts
 Elias Howe
 Isaac Singer
 patents
 limited liability
 “free incorporation”
 Samuel F.B. Morse
X. Workers and Wage Slaves
 labor problems
 child workers
 ballot
 workers demands
 opposition
 strikes
 Commonwealth v Hunt
XI. Women and the Economy
 preindustrial place
 factory jobs
 “factory girls”
 Lowell Mills
 Catharine Beecher
 percentage of women workers
 “cult of domesticity”
 love in marriage
 smaller families
 “domestic feminism”
 child rearing
XII. Western Farmers Reap a Revolution in the Fields
 Trans-Allegheny region
 corn
 Cincinnati
 John Deere
 Cyrus McCormick
 indebtedness
XIII. Highways and Steamboats
 travel problems
 Lancaster Turnpike
 states righters?
 National Road
 Robert Fulton
 steamboat success
 steamboat dangers
XIV. Clinton’s Big Ditch in New York
 canal craze
 Erie Canal
 Economic benefits
 economic results
XV. The Iron Horse
 better than canals
 opposition
 obstacles
 brakes
 times
 gauge
XVI. Cables, Clippers, and Pony Riders
 Cyrus Field
 the Savannah
 clipper ships
 iron tramp steamers
 Roughing It
 Pony Express
XVII. The Transport Web Binds the Union
 Changes in transportation change flow of goods
 continental economy
 implications
XVIII. The Market Revolution
 market revolution
 John Marshall and contracts
 Roger B. Taney
 changing home
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prosperity
John Jacob Astor
unskilled workers
drifters
rags to riches?
opportunity?
“a rising tide lifts all boats”