States of Consciousness
(2-4% of Test)
Chapter 3 (85-131)
Barron’s Book
Chapter 5 (119-132)
The Brain & Consciousness
Consciousness
Dual Processing
*Levels of Consciousness*
Selective Attention
-*Nonconscious Level*
Cocktail Party Effect
-*Preconscious Level*
Inattentional Blindness
-*Subconscious Level*
Change Blindness
-*Unconscious Level*
Choice Blindness
Cognitive Neuroscience
Sleep
Circadian Rhythm
Suprachiasmatic Nucleus
Melatonin
Sleep Stages
REM Sleep
Alpha Waves
Sleep
Hypnagogic Hallucinations
Sleep Spindles
Delta Waves
Paradoxical Sleep
Hypnosis
Hypnotic Suggestibility
Posthypnotic Suggestions
*Posthypnotic Amnesia*
*Hypnotic Analgesia*
Social Influence/Role Theory
Divided Consciousness/Dissociation Theory
Dissociation
*State Theory*
Sleep Disorders
Insomnia
Narcolepsy
Sleep Apnea
Night Terrors
Sleepwalking/Somnambulism
Dreams
Manifest Content
Latent Content
Physiological Function Theory
Activation-Synthesis Theory
REM Rebound
*Lucid Dreaming*
Psychoactive Drugs
Tolerance
Addiction
Withdrawal
*Blood-Brain Barrier*
Physical Dependence
Insula
Psychological Dependence
Hallucinogens/
Depressants
Stimulants
Psychedelics
Alcohol
Amphetamines
LSD
Barbiturates
Methamphetamines Marijuana/THC
Opiates
Caffeine
Morphine
Nicotine
Heroin
Cocaine
Ecstasy (MDMA)
The Brain & Consciousness:
 Understand the difference between the various levels of consciousness
 What has cognitive neuroscience discovered about the nature of consciousness (i.e. Dual Processing)?
 Understand how selective attention & selective inattention affects our awareness.
Sleep:
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How does our Circadian Rhythm affect our sleep schedule?
Be able to explain what happens in each of the 5 stages of sleep.
How long is a normal sleep cycle?
What are the effects off sleep loss?
What are the functions of sleep?
What are the symptoms & treatments for sleep disorders.
What is the difference between manifest content & latent content of dreams?
Understand the 5 different Dream Theories. For which theory is Sigmund Freud associated?
Hypnosis:
 How does hypnosis effect our ability recall forgotten events?
 What effect does hypnosis have over our behaviors?
 What are the uses of Hypnosis?
 Understand the three theories seeking to explain Hypnosis (Social Influence, Divided Consciousness, & State).
 What did Ernest Hilgard’s research demonstrate about Hypnosis?
Psychoactive Drugs:
 Understand the common misconceptions about addiction.
 Understand the differences between the 3 categories of drugs (Depressants, Stimulants, & Hallucinogens).
 Be able to classify specific drugs into one of their 3 categories & know their effects on people.
 Know the various biological, psychological, and social-cultural influences on drug use.
Near-Death Experiences
 What do psychologists believe causes Near-Death Experiences?
 Why is this explanation controversial?