Notes for Chapter 3-Cell Organelles
Section 3-1: Cell Theory
1. _________- the smallest basic structural and function unit of all living organisms.
_________________- first person to discover dead cells in cork bark with a microscope
_________________- first person to discover living cells
2. ________________- the cell theory is composed of three parts



All organisms are made up of _____________.
All existing cells are produced by other living ______________.
The cell is the most basic unit of ________________.
3. Cell Diversity- cells are highly variable in their size, shape and organization which
depends upon their function
Cell _____________ is limited due to relationship between the cells internal
volume and its surface area.
Cells are dependent on their outer surface for all transport of materials into and
out of the cell. As the size of a cell increases, the volume increases at a faster rate
than the surface area. This eventually leads to a situation where a cell can no
longer transport the necessary materials across its membrane. This simple process
limits cell size.
4. All cells share certain characteristics:
– Cells tend to be microscopic.
– All cells are enclosed by a membrane.
– All cells are filled with cytoplasm.
5. Types of Cells
There are two types of cells
MAIN IDEA
Eukaryotic cells have a ____________
Eukaryotic cells have _____________
Prokaryotic cells do not have a ___________
Prokaryotic cells do not have_____________
_________________- simple cells lacking a nucleus or other
membrane bound organelles (ex. Bacteria)
_________________- more complex cells which contain a nucleus and
membrane bound organelles (ex. Plant and animal cells)
-The _____________ is a distinct central organelle that contains
the cell’s genetic material in the form of DNA
6. ______________- these are the internal structures of a cell that help the cell undergo
various processes
Section 3-2: Structures and Organelles
Cells have and internal structure:
________________- is the semi-fluid environment inside the plasma membrane
________________- is a supporting network of long, thin protein fibers which has many
functions:
–
–
–
–
–
supports and shapes __________
helps position and transport ____________
provides ____________
assists in cell ______________
aids in cell ________________
Cells have a plasma membrane that acts as the body guard of the cell.
Several organelles are involved in processing proteins
___________- stores genetic information
___________- located within the nucleus. Site of ribosome production
There are two types of __________________________:
____________ endoplasmic reticulum (ribosome)
____________ endoplasmic reticulum
_________________ link amino acids to form proteins. (RER)
_________________ are membrane bound sacs that hold materials.
Other organelles have various functions:
________________- converts food particles (sugar) into usable energy (ATP)
________________- stores enzymes and waster products (mainly in plants)
________________- processes and packages substances produced by the cell
________________- digest molecules, old organelles, and other substances
________________ are tubes found in the centrosomes.
Centrioles help divide __________.
Centrioles form __________ and _______________.
Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts.
A _____________ provides rigid ________________
__________________ convert _______________ energy to ______________
energy. (glucose)
Cells are organized to form the following:
_____________- collections of cells all organized to carry out a specific function
(ex. Muscle tissue)
_____________- several types of tissues all acting together to perform a specific function
(ex. Stomach, lung, liver, etc.)
_____________- a group of organs that work together to perform a specific task
(ex. Digestive system, reproductive system, respiratory system, etc.)
Cells form_______________tissues form_______________ organs form____________________
Bacterial
Cell
Cell Membrane
Ribosome
Cytoplasm
Mitochondria
Nucleolus
Nucleus
DNA
Cell Wall
Prokaryotic
Eukaryotic
Animal Cell
Plant Cell
All Cells
Organelle
1.
Cell wall
2.
Cell
membrane
3.
Cytoplasm
4.
Cytoskeleton
5.
Vacuole
Illustration
Trick/Analogy to Remember
Function
Prokaryote
(Bacterial
cell)
Eukaryote
Plant Animal
6.
Nucleus
Organelle
7.
Nucleolus
8.
Ribosomes
9. Rough
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(RER)
10. Smooth
Endoplasmic
Reticulum
(SER)
Illustration
Trick to Remember
Function
Prokaryote
(Bacterial
cell)
Eukaryote
Plant Animal
11.
Golgi
Apparatus
12.
Vesicle
Organelle
13.
Lysosomes
14.
Centrosomes
15.
Centrioles
16.
Mitochondria
17.
Chloroplasts
Illustration
Trick to Remember
Function
Prokaryote
(Bacterial
cell)
Eukaryote
Plant Animal
Notes for Chapter 3-Cell Organelles