27. Any compound which when added to water breaks apart (dissociates) to produce a solution that contains hydrogen
ions is called a(n) ACID. P.219
28. The hydrogen ions in an acid are sometimes called HYDRONIUM ions. P. 219
29. The abbreviation which is used to represent a hydrogen ion is H+.
30. The chemical formula for an acid always begins with the letter H.
P. 219
P. 219
31. The general formula for an acid is H - NON METAL.
32. The more hydrogen ions that are in a solution the STRONGER the acid will be. P. 220
33. Acids have a(n) SOUR taste. (Example: Lemmon Juice) P. 214
34. Acids react with many metals to produce HYDROGEN gas. P. 213
35. Acids react with carbonates (compounds containing CO3) to form CARBON DIOXIDE gas and water. P. 214
36. Acids turn blue litmus paper RED. P. 213
37. Any compound which when added to water breaks apart (dissociates) to produce a solution that contains hydroxide
ions is called a(n) BASE. P. 220
38. The hydroxide ions in a base are sometimes called HYDROXAL ions.
39. The abbreviation which is used to represent a hydroxide ion is OH-. P.220
40. The chemical formula for a base always ends in OH. P. 220
41. The general formula for a base is METAL - OH
42. The more hydroxide ions that are in a solution the STRONGER the base will be. P. 220
43. Bases have a(n) BITTER taste. (Example: Soap) P. 215
44. Bases feel SLIPPERY when you touch them. (Example: Soap) P. 215
45. Bases turn red litmus paper BLUE. P. 215
46. The strength of an acid or base is measured using the pH scale. P. 220
47. The abbreviation pH stands for POTENTIAL HYDROGEN.
48. The pH scale has a range of values from 0 to 14.
P. 220 - 221
49. Any liquid which has a value on the pH scale from 0 to 6.9 is considered to be an acid. P. 220 - 221
50. The LOWER the pH value is for a liquid the stronger the acid will be. P. 220 - 221
51. Any liquid which has a value on the pH scale from 7.1 to 14 is considered to be a base. P. 220 - 221
52. The HIGHER the pH value is for a liquid the stronger the base will be. P. 220 - 221
53. Any liquid which has a value of 7 on the pH scale is considered to be neutral and is not an acid or a base. P. 220
54. The chemical formula for water is H2O or HOH.
55. Pure water is not an acid or a base because it is NEUTRAL and it has a pH of 7.
P. 220
56. Any substance which changes color in the presence of an acid or a base is called a(n) INDICATOR. P. 214
57. Some common indicators which are used to determine whether a solution is an acid or base and possibly how
strong of an acid or base it is are: P. 214, 216
A.
BLUE AND RED LITMUS PAPER
B. PHENOLPHTHALEIN
C.
RED CABBAGE JUICE
D. BROM THYMOL BLUE
58. A base will neutralize an acid when they’re combined together to form a(n) SALT and WATER. P. 222 - 223
59. The general formula for the chemical reaction which occurs when a base neutralizes an acid is: P. 222 - 223
Example
ACID
+
BASE

SALT
+
WATER
HCl
Acid
+
NaOH
Base

NaCl
Salt
+
H2O
Water
60. The general formula for a salt is METAL – NON METAL.
Example: Na – Cl
Metal - Non- Metal