Review
Human Growth & Development
Developmental psychology deals with the behavior of organisms from conception to death and examines the processes that contribute to behavioral
change throughout the life span. The major areas of emphasis in the course are prenatal development, motor development, socialization, cognitive
development, adolescence, and adulthood.
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Discuss the interaction of nature and nurture (including cultural variations) in the determination of behavior.
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Explain the process of conception and gestation, including factors that influence successful fetal development.
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Discuss maturation of motor skills.
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Describe the influence of temperament and other social factors on attachment and appropriate socialization.
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Explain the maturation of cognitive abilities.
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Compare and contrast models of moral development.
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Discuss maturational challenges in adolescence, including related family conflicts.
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Characterize the development of decisions related to intimacy as people mature.
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Predict the physical and cognitive changes that emerge as people age, including steps that can be taken to maximize function.
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Describe how sex and gender influence socialization and other aspects of development.
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Identify key contributors in developmental psychology.
Myers – Chapter 4: Developing Through the Life Span
I.
Prenatal Development & the Newborn
A. Conception
B. Prenatal Development
1. Zygote-Embryo-Fetus
a. Teratogens
b. Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
C. Newborn
1. Reflexes
a. Rooting
2. Habituation
II.
Infancy & Childhood
A. Physical Development
1. Maturation
2. Brain Development
3. Motor Development
B. Jean Piaget’s Cognitive Development
1. Terminology: Schema, Assimilation &
Accommodation
2. Stages
a. Sensorimotor: Object Permanence
b. Preoperational: Conservation-EgocentrismTheory of the Mind
c. Concrete Operational: Abstract Thinking
d. Formal Operational
3. Evaluating Piaget
C. Social Development
1. Attachment (Harlow & Harlow)
a. Secure v. Insecure
b. Safe Haven v. Secure Base
c. Stranger Anxiety
d. Critical Periods
e. Imprinting (Konrad Lorenz)
f.
Self Concept
g. Deprivation-Disruption-Daycare
A. Parenting Styles
a. Authoritarian
b. Permissive
c. Authoritative
D. Infancy & Childhood Terminology: Autism
III.
Adolescence
A. Physical Development
1. Adolescence v. Puberty
2. Menarche v. Spermarche
3. Primary v. Secondary Sexual Characteristics
B. Lawrence Kohlberg’s Moral Development
1. Levels & Stages
a. Preconventional: Egocentrism
b. Conventional: Empathy-Delay GratificationService Learning
c. Postconventional: Social Contract & Universal
Ethical Principle
C. Erik Erikson’s Psychosocial Development
1. Stages: 8
a. Trust-Autonomy-Initiative-Competence-IdentityIntimacy-Generativity-Integrity
2. Parent & Peer Influence
D. Transition to Adulthood
IV.
Adulthood
A. Physical Development
1. Menopause
2. Sensory Ability
3. Health & Life Expectancy
4. Dementia & Alzheimer’s
B. Cognitive Ability
1. Memory
2. Intelligence
C. Social Development
1. Events of Early-Middle-Late Adulthood
2. Love v. Work
3. Satisfaction
D. Elisabeth Kubler-Ross’ Stages of Death & Dying
1. Denial-Anger-Bargaining-Depression-Acceptance
Myers – Chapter 10 – Thinking & Language
I.
Language
A. Structure
1. Phonemes-Morpheme-Grammar-Semantics-Syntax
B. Development
1. Babbling – One-word – Two-word – Telegraphic
speech
2. Explanation
a. Skinner: Operant Conditioning
b. Chomsky: Inborn Universal Grammar
c. Cognitive Science: Statistical Learning & Critical
Periods
II.
Thinking & Language
A. Language Influences Thinking
1. Linguistic Determinism
2. Thinking in Images
Developmental Psychology: __________________________________________________________________________________________________
Nature v. Nurture: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Prenatal-Newborn-Infancy-Childhood Development
Conception: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Zygote: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Embryo: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fetus: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Teratogens: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS):________________________________________________________________________________________________
Neonate: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Rooting Reflex: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Babinski Reflex: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Moro Reflex: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Orienting Reflex: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Habituation: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Maturation: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Schema: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Assimilate: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Accommodate: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cognition: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Sensorimotor Stage: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Object Permanence: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Preoperational Stage: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Symbolic Thinking: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Egocentrism: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Theory of the Mind (Premack & Woodruff): _______________________________________________________________________________________
Artificialism: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Animism: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Concrete Operational Stage: __________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conservation: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Formal Operational Stage: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract Thinking: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Metacognition: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Autism: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Stranger Anxiety: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Separation Anxiety: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Attachment (secure v. insecure): ______________________________________________________________________________________________
Avoidance: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Safe Haven v. Secure Base: __________________________________________________________________________________________________
Critical Period: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Imprinting: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Fathering v. Mothering: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Self Concept: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Authoritarian Parents: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Permissive Parents: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Authoritative Parents: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adolescence
Adolescence: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Puberty: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Primary v. Secondary Sex Characteristics: _______________________________________________________________________________________
Menarche: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Spermarche: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Preconventional Morality: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Conventional Morality: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Postconventional Morality: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Delay Gratification: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Service Learning: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Trust: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Autonomy: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Initiative: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Competence: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Identity: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Intimacy: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Generativity: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Integrity: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Emerging Adulthood:________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Adulthood
Adult: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Early/Emerging Adulthood: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
Middle Adulthood: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Late Adulthood: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Elderly: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Menopause: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Male Menopause: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Mid-life Crisis: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Dementia: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Alzheimer’s Disease: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Cohabitation: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Marriage: _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Divorce: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Stages of Death & Dying -- Denial-Anger-Bargaining-Depression-Acceptance: __________________________________________________________
Language Terms
Babbling Stage: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Grammar: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Language: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Linguistic Determinism: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________
Morpheme: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
One-Word Stage: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Phonemes: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Semantics: _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Syntax: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Telegraphic Speech: ________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Two-Word Stage: __________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Developmental Psychologists to Know:

Mary Ainsworth: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Noam Chomsky: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Erik Erikson: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

G. Stanley Hall: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Harry & Margaret Harlow: ____________________________________________________________________________________________

Lawrence Kohlberg: ________________________________________________________________________________________________

Elisabeth Kubler-Ross: ______________________________________________________________________________________________

Konrad Lorenz: ____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Jean Piaget: ______________________________________________________________________________________________________

Premack & Woodruff: _______________________________________________________________________________________________

Edward Sapir: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Daniel Schacter: ___________________________________________________________________________________________________

Lev Vygotsky: _____________________________________________________________________________________________________

Benjamin Lee Whorf: _______________________________________________________________________________________________