Chemistry Revision
1. Identify the properties of the three main states of matter. Draw a particle diagram in the space
provided.
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


SOLID
Maintain shape and
volume
Not compressible
Particles have only small
amounts of energy.
Are held together by
bonds that they cannot
break due to lack of
energy





LIQUID
Particles have more
energy than those in a
solid.
Particles move around
each other freely
Take the shape of their
container
Volume remains the same
if temperature is kept
constant.
Not compressible
2. Fill in the missing labels on the diagram below.
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



GAS
Particles have more
energy than solids and
liquids.
Are compressible
Particles can move in any
direction and break free of
each other.
Particles can bounce off
each other and the walls
of their container.
Cannot hold shape or
volume.
3. Define the following terms:
a) Deposition: Process in which a gas turns into a solid without going through a liquid phase.
b) Expansion: Increase in volume of a material due to the addition of energy. For example when a
metal is heated, the particles become “excited” and the metal expands as the particles have
increased movement. Think back to the “Balloon Expansion” video we watched.
c) Contraction: Decrease in volume of a material in response to a reduction in energy.
4. Explain the difference between physical and chemical change. Give one example of each kind of
change.
Physical changes alter the physical properties of a material but do not change the chemical make-up.
For example if you cut a piece of paper in half, you may have changed its shape and size but it is still
paper. Chemical changes result in new substances being formed. For example when you combine bicard soda and vinegar, you can observe bubbling/fizzing which indicates a gas is being produced.
5. A ______SOLUTE__________ and a ________SOLVENT________ combine to form a solution.
6. True or False?
Salt dissolving in water is an example of a chemical change.
FALSE it is a physical change. The salt particles have just been broken down into such small pieces that we
can no longer see them. If we evaporated the water, the salt crystals would reform.
7. Define the following terms:
a) Endothermic reaction: A reaction that absorbs heat energy from its surroundings.
b) Exothermic reaction: A reaction that produces heat energy.
8. Calculate the number of protons, neutrons and electrons in the following atoms.
Atomic Symbol
Number of Protons
Number of Neutrons
Number of Electrons
16
8O
8
8
8
23
11Na
11
12
11
19
20
19
9. Give two reasons why the air in a basketball is considered matter.
i) It takes up space
ii) It has mass
10. What is the difference between corrosion and rusting?
Corrosion refers to a metal reacting with oxygen. Rusting refers specifically to the corrosion of iron.
11. Circle the reactants and underline the products in the chemical equation given below.
Word equation: Acetic acid + Sodium bicarbonate ------> Sodium acetate + Water + Carbon dioxide
Formula equation: C2H4O2 + NaHCO3
------>
NaC2H3O2 + H2O + CO2
12. When sodium chloride (NaCl) and silver nitrate (AgNO 3) are combined they produce silver
chloride (AgCl) and sodium nitrate(NaNO3).
Write this reaction as a WORD EQUATION
Sodium chloride + silver nitrate -----> silver chloride + sodium nitrate
Write this reaction as a FORMULA EQUATION
NaCl + AgNO3 ----> AgCl + NaNO3
13. Hydrochloric acid (HCl) reacts with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) to form sodium chloride (NaCl) and
water (H2O).
Write this reaction as a WORD EQUATION
Hydrochloric acid + sodium hydroxide ----> sodium chloride + water
Write this reaction as a FORMULA EQUATION
HCl + NaOH ----> NaCl + H2O
14. What is a chemical reaction?
A chemical reaction is when atoms rearrange to form new substances.
15. State the formula to work out density?
Density = volume/mass
16. For each of the following say whether it is an element, compound or mixture:
Water
Compound
Carbon
Element
Sugar in water Mixture
Salt in water
Mixture
Iron
Element
Hydrochloric acid Compound
Lemonade
Mixture
C12H22O11
Compound