soap
• The chemical reaction of a fatty acid with an alkali metal
hydroxide.
• The cleansing action of soap comes from its unique ability
to surround oil particles, causing them to be dispersed in
water and easily rinsed away.
• Historically, soap was made by:
•Soaking wood ash in water to make lye (common
name for NaOH)
•Adding animal fat (beef tallow or pig lard)
•Castille soap is made from vegetable fat
http://science.jrank.org/pages/6214/Soap.html
Chemical Reactions
Make
everything that
exists
Electronegative
or
electronpositive
Form bonds
atoms
OR non-metals,
like sodium (Na)
They are
metals, like iron
(Fe)
Atoms in a chemical reaction
NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Na
H
O
H
Cl
factors in chemical reaction
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide
The collision must have enough energy
• Remember atoms are have + and - charges
• They need enough energy to overcome the
charges
Bonds are made & broken
• Bond formation = energy released
• Bond breaking = energy absorbed
the heat is on lab
Follow the instructions to complete the
sodium hydroxide (NaOH) lab
Exothermic Reactions
Exo:
Thermic:
(greek)
(greek)
outside
pertaining to heat
the gummy bear lab
not just a piece of candy
Lakeland Elementary School: A visiting high school
student and several younger students suffered minor
injuries this morning when a test tube with a gummy bear
candy and liquid inside it burst during a classroom
demonstration
Onteora High School: Donald Bucher was demonstrating
an experiment with the chemical potassium chlorate
when the explosion — which was strong enough to
damage a window in the classroom — occurred.
Bhopal, India
• In 1984, it had 700,000
inhabitants.
• Today, there are about
1.2 million.
At midnight Dec 3, 1984 water entered the tank,
containing 43 tonnes of methyl isocyanate (MIC).
This caused an exothermic reaction.
A toxic gas cloud descended upon the city.
Eckerman, Ingrid: ppt presentation 2010
520,000 PEOPLE EXPOSED
Dead:
•Approximately 16,000 during first weeks
•At least 8,000 died since
Permanent injuries:
•100,000 – 200,000
Water & air contamination lead to
•birth defects,
•reproductive health problems,
•liver failure,
•& cancer
The water is still contaminated
Eckerman, Ingrid: ppt presentation 2010
Green Chemistry Principles
Design chemicals
and their forms
(solid, liquid, or gas)
to minimize the
potential for
chemical accidents
including
explosions, fires,
and releases to the
environment.
•
Design syntheses to
use and generate
substances with little
or no toxicity to
humans and the
environment.
Allow for real-time
in-process
monitoring & control
prior to the formation
of hazardous
substances.
What Can be Done?
 How does this translate into an educational
opportunity?
 Highlight available tools/alternatives to
make chemistry more green.
 Solvent Guide
 Reagent guide
 Alternative methodologies
PAGE
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LA JOLLA GREEN CHEMISTRY TEAM
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The Challenge:
How we make
shampoo now
Your brilliant alternative
shampoo process
of the future