What do all of these
things have in
common?
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Matter is anything that has MASS and takes
up SPACE
Scientists usually measure mass like weight
However: Weight differs on different planets,
but mass stays the same- why?
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Matter can be broken down into groups called
elements.
Elements are PURE substances.
They are substances that cannot be broken
down into anything else by chemical means.
In other words- the simplest ingredients
possible on earth to make other things
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Elements have specific properties. (which
means elements act certain ways- specific
mass, specific reactions
Examples: Gold, Aluminum, Copper, Oxygen,
Helium, Potassium, Tin, Silver, Neon
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The Smallest Unit of an element of matter
that can still retain its properties as that
element
In other words- IT is the smallest piece
possible of an element
NUCLEUS
PROTON (+)
NEUTRON (0)
ELECTRON ()
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PROTONS (+)
NUCLEUS
NEUTRONS (0)
ELECTRONS (-)
# of PROTONS=ELECTRONS
Change the protons change the atom
Change the electrons change the charge
Molecules and Compounds
• Two or more atoms bonded together
• They can be the same, or they can be
different
• Remember Bill Nye said Atoms are like
the letters, while molecules are like
the words.

We represent ATOMS as either a single capital
letter or a Capital letter and a lowercase
letter.
◦ Oxygen = O
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--- Lithium = Li
Molecules are when we put these letters
together.
EXAMPLE:
+ =
+
Hydroge
n
molecul
e
=
Water
molecul
e
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Two or more atoms bonded together.
But the atoms that are bonded MUST be
different kinds or atoms.
All COMPOUNDS are molecules, but not all
MOLECULES are compounds.
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ICE CREAM ANALOGY
BASKIN ROBINS 31 flavors
Flavors- elements
Smallest serving= 1 scoop
its like 1 atom
2 + scoops = molecule
2 different flavored scoops a
compound
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Make a T chart like below and put the correct
symbols in the correct column.
Element
Molecule
Compound
Li
CO2
O2
H2
Br
OHH2O
He
C6H12O6
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1 person out straight= element
1 person in ball = atom
2 or more people= molecule
2 or more people but there must be a boy
and a girl= compound
Phases of Matter
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Remember Matter is everything! /anything
that has mass ( a specific amount of atoms)
and takes up space
We usually find matter in three forms on
earth (although scientists now believe there
are 5 forms)
The phases of matter are the different forms
you can find matter in on earth.
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The state of matter that has definite shape
and definite volume. (They are fixed, they
don’t change).
The atoms and particles in a solid are very
close together. Here the attractions are the
strongest
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The state of matter where there is definite
volume but not a definite shape.
The particles in liquid slide past each other so
the attractions aren’t as strong.
LIQUIDS TAKE THE SHAPE OF THEIR
CONTAINERS
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The state of matter where the matter has no
definite shape, or definite volume.
The particles move so quickly they can break
away from each other there is less attraction.
Gases may also take the shape of their
container, but the particles also can spread
out
Phase of
Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Definite
Shape
Definite
Volume
Takes
Shape of
Container
Fastest
moving
molecules
Phase of
Matter
Solid
Liquid
Gas
Definite
Shape
Definite
Volume
Takes
Shape of
Container
Fastest
moving
molecules
↯ ↯
↯ ↯
↯ ↯
GUESS WHAT?!!!! IT”S FINALLY
LAB DAY!!!!!!!!!
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MATTER is what????
◦ TAKES UP SPACE
◦ HAS MASS
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A measure of the amount of matter or stuff
inside and an object
We usually measure mass as weight. It
changes with gravity
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The amount of SPACE that something
occupies.
We measure volume by using multiplication
◦ Length of an object X Height of object x Width of
the object = L x W x H
◦ If we cannot use a ruler to get a very accurate
reading we use the water displacement method to
tell us the volume.
Measuring continued
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A ratio of how much mass is in an object
compared to how much space it takes up
Ratios are represented as fractions
M__
V