KETERKAITAN SUB SISTEM
KONSUMSI, UTILISASI
BIOLOGIS DAN STATUS GIZI
KETERKAITAN SUB SISTEM PANGAN & GIZI
Sistem Pangan
Subsistem
Pangan
Sub sub
sistem
Produksi
Ketersediaan
• Menghasilkan
•Cadangan
• Dinamika
industri &
penangan pasca
panen :
•Impor
• Menyiapkan &
mengolah
• Mengawetkan
• Mengemas
• Mengubah
bentuk
•Ekspor
Sistem Gizi
Distribusi
Konsumsi
Status Gizi
• Akses
fisik&
ekonomi
•Keragaman
• Gejala
klinik / sub
klinik
• Statbilitas
harga
•Keamanan
•Jumlah
•Mutu gizi
•Individu
•Keluarga
•Masyarakat
•
Pertumbuha
n, daya kerja
•Gizi kurang
/ lebih
FAKTOR MEMPENGARUHI KONSUMSI
PANGAN
1. FAKTOR EKONOMI
3. SOSIO-BUDAYA
Permintaan (Demand)
Kebudayaan
1.
Harga pangan
1.
Kebiasaan
2.
Harga pangan lain
2.
Pola asuh anak
3.
Pendapatan konsumen
3.
Kepercayaan & tabo
4.
Demografi (penduduk)
4.
Sanitasi & higiene
5.
Tingkat kesukaan
5.
Daya terima & kesukaan
6.
Qualitas pangan
6.
Pantangan agama
2. FAKTOR DEMOGRAPI
1.
Usia
2.
Jenis kelamin
Variabel Gizi Kurang terkait
utilisasi biologis
• Life stage where malnutrition
occurs
• Length of malnutrition period
• Type of nutrient deficiency
• Severity of nutrient deficiency
Lymphoid
% of
Adult
Size
Brain & Head
Reproductive
General
Growth of 4 types of body tissue (Harris JA, et al, 1930)
INFECTION & MALNUTRITION
• PEM :
Peningkatan rawan thd infeksi
Tendensi kearah > infeksi
• VAD :
Campak
Penurunan immune
Peningkatan peny. Diare
Peningkatan ISPA
RELATIONSHIP INFECTION &
MALNUTRITION
Catabolisme,
Urinary N2
Anorexia, Vomiting
Malabsorbtion
Protien loss in gut
INFECTION
NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION
Cell mediated immunity
Antibody respon
Mucosal immunity
Phagocyte dysfunction
Inflammatory response
NUTRITION
INFECTION
IMMUNOCOMPETENCE
INTERELASI UTILISASI
BIOLOGIS, LINGKUNGAN DAN
STATUS GIZI ?
Perspective on
Environmental Health
• Role of environmental health
• Host – Agent Interactions
- Agent factors
- Host factors
- Environmental factors
THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTAL
HAZARDS ON NUTRITION
A.
B.
C.
D.
Physiological factors (Growth, exercise,
pregnancy, and lactation)
Composition of diet (Prot, Min, Vit)
Route, Rate and Timing
Mechanisms of disease
Increase utilization of nutrients
Malnutrition
Impaired ability to activate a nutrient
Abnormally large loser of nutrients
Impaired catabolic or excretory pathways
Hyper absorbtion
Drugs
Effect on nutrition
DRUGS
EFFECTS
NUTRIENTS
INVOLVED
Cathartics and
laxatives
Increase GIT motility
Vit ADEK, Ca, K,
Carotene, fat
glucose, phospate
Diurectics
Inhibits tubulars
K, Na, Chloride, Ca,
reabsorption of NaCl, Water, Zn, Mg
Water maintain N K
loss
NUTRITION
CONSIDERATION
CHON- losing
K, Mg, Ca, Na and
fluid losses
Decresed glucose
absorption
Mineral oil decrease
absorption of ADEK
K depletion with
concurrent ACTH or
stroids
Excessive K loss in
cardiac patients
Urinary loss of Ca,
Zn, Mg electrolytes
and water soluble
vitamins
DRUGS
EFFECTS
NUTRIENTS
INVOLVED
NUTRITION
CONSIDERATION
Analgesic
Relieve pain
Falic acid, Vit D,
Ascorbic acid
Decrease tissue ascorbic
acid
Decrase folic acid absorption
Decrease gastric &
pancreatic secretion
Decrease peristalsis &
appetite
Antacids
Decrease gastric
acidity
Phosphates, Na,
Fe, Thiamine
Vitamin deficiency
Edema due to increase Na,
Fe and Thiamine deficiency
Antibiotics
Inhibit of kill
microorganism
CHON, Ca, Mg, Fe,
Vit K, B12
Inhibited AA absorption &
prot systhesis
Suppressed appetite
Malabsorptiion of vit B12,
Ca, Fe, Mg
Sysnthesis of Vit decrease
lactose malabsorption
STRATEGIES TO IMPROVES
BIOLOGICAL UTILIZATION
• Environmental sanitation & proper
waste disposal
• Better housing conditions
• Improvement drinking water
• Increase & improvement of health
facilities
• Disease prevention & cure
• Micronutrient supply programme
• Childcare & breast feeding programme
• Food fortification
• Health & nutrition education
• Reduction of family size
• Food protection & safety policies