Practical Pathology
Inflammation
Dr : Hala El-sayed Mahmoud
Lecturer of pathology
INFLAMMATION
• DEFINITION:
• Inflammation is the reaction of vascularized
living tissue to local injury. It is a series of
vascular and cellular reactions aiming to protect
the body against the injurious agent .
• TYPES:
• -Acute: sudden onset and short duration ( hours days)
• -Chronic: gradual onset and long duration ( days years)
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
• Caused by an irritant of short duration of
action
• The tissue response is rapid i.e. sudden
onset
• Inflammation lasts for days or weeks
• Characterized by presence of fluid
exudate and cellular exudate mainly
polymorph-nuclear leucocytes
CARDINAL SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS OF
ACUTE INFLAMMATION
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REDNESS
HOTNESS
SWELLING
PAIN
LOSS OF
FUNCTION
TYPES OF ACUTE INFLAMMATION
SUPPURATIVE
INFLAMMATION
NON-SUPPURATIVE
INFLAMMATION
I- SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION
Types:
I-Localized
Supp. Inflamm.
Abscess,
furuncle,
carbuncle
II- Diffuse Supp. Inflamm.
Cellulitis,
Suppurative appendicitis,
Suppurative cholecystitis,
Suppurative peritonitis,
Suppurative meningitis
…etc.
I- LOCALIZED SUPPURATIVE
INFLAMMATION
Abscess
furuncle
carbuncle
Abscess
II- DIFFUSE SUPPURATIVE INFLAMMATION
Acute supp. appendicitis
Diffuse
sup.cholecystitis
Suppurative meningitis
Cellulitis
Cellulitis
NON-SUPPURATIVE
INFLAMMATION
• Catarrhal inflammation: e.g.common cold
• Pseudo-membranous inflam.: e.g.diphtheria
• Fibrinous inflammation: e.g. fibrinous
pericarditis, fibrinous pleurisy, fibrinous peritonitis.
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Serous inflammation: e.g. burns
Haemorrhagic inflammation
Gangrenous (necrotizing) inflammation
Allergic inflammation
NON-SUPPURATIVE
INFLAMMATION
Fibrinous pleurisy
Gangrenous
inflammation
Fibrinous
pericarditis
Haemorhagic
pericarditis.
Fibrinous
pericarditis
Fibrinous peritonitis
Gross Pathology
Lesson2
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Acute lung abscess
Acute brain abscess.
Chronic lung abscess
Acute suppurative meningitis
Fibrinous pericarditis.
Healed serofibrinous inflammation
Section in the lung shows
an irregulr abscess cavity
(3x2 cm). The lining is
yellowish and necrotic.
Diagnosis:
Acute lung abscess
Section in the brain shows
an irregulr abscess cavity
(2x2 cm). The lining is
yellowish and necrotic. The
floor is perforated. The
surrounding brain tissue
shows hemorrhagic spots.
Diagnosis:
Acute brain abscess
Adult brain showed
diffuse yellowish
suppurative exudate
covering the meninges
mainly at the base
Diagnosis:
Diffuse suppurative
meningitis
Swollen appendix with
congested blood vessels
and covered by diffuse
yellowish suppurative
exudate
Diagnosis:
Acute suppurative
appendicitis
A closed adult heart. The
visceral pericardium shows
yellowish reticulated fibrin
threads (having bread &
butter appearance) .
The surface of the heart is
pale brown and opaque.
Diagnosis:
Fibrinous pericarditis
Lung specimen shows opaque
whitish pleura with irregular
surface.
Diagnosis:
Healed serofibrinous pleurisy
(Pleural adhesions)
Histopathology Slides for
1. Acute suppurative appendicitis
Acute supp appendicitis
Transverse section in the appendix
shows:
•The mucosal cells are partially
shedded.
•The mucosa, submucosa, muscles
layers and serosa show dilated
congested capillaries, inflammatory
oedema and infiltrated with excess
polymorphs, pus cells and few
macrophages.
•The lumen contains necrotis mucosal
cells, fibrin, polymorphs and pus cells.
Diagnosis:
Acute diffuse suppurative
appendicitis