Energy Access
Global and Local Initiatives
Shafat Sultan
The Energy and Resources Institute (TERI)
New Delhi
01 Feb 2012
Current Lighting Scenario
1.4 billion people without basic
lighting worldwide
360 million people in India
-lack access to electricity
• 61 million rural households
-have no access to electricity and use
kerosene for lighting
•
2.2 billion litres per year
-kerosene burned for lighting
• Approx 5.5 million tonnes CO2
Lighting systems of more than one billion
people
3
Cooking & Heating Energy : Current
scenario
• Traditional Biomass - primary source of
energy for 2.4 billion people
• Biomass - 11% contribution in the global
final energy consumption (2001)
– Latin America –
18%
– Asia
–
25%
– Africa
–
49%
Cooking and heating systems of more than
two billion
United Nations’ Millennium Development
Goals
2012- UN declared Int’l year of
Sustainable Energy for AIl
The UN MDGs are comprehensive
and concrete goals adopted by
world leaders and the international
community.
They
provide
a
framework to address extreme
poverty by the year 2015.
Defining universal energy access
Lighting
Grid extension
Mini grid access
Cooking
Off grid access
Improved technology options for
cooking
Fuel switch for meeting thermal
energy needs
Traditional sources of cooking
• Access = available + affordable
• A mix of these options will be crucial in achieving universal energy access by 2030/35
Incremental levels of access to energy service
Level 3
Modern society needs
Level 2
Productive needs
Level 1
Basic human needs


Electricity for lighting, health
education and
communication and
community services (73 kWh
per person per month)
Modern fuels and
technologies for cooking and
heating (50-100 kg of
modern fuel or improved
biomass cook stove)

Electricity, modern fuels and
other energy services to
improve productivity e.g.:
Agriculture: water pumping
for irrigation, fertilizer,
mechanized tilling
Commercial agriculture
processing, cottage industry
Transport fuel
 Modern energy services for
many more domestic
appliances, increased
requirement for cooking and
heating (space and water),
private transportation
(electricity usage is 2000
kWh per person per year )
Steady move to clean energy resources at all stages
Energy for a Sustainable Future the Secretary-General’s Advisory Group On Energy And Climate Change (AGECC) Summary Report And Recommendations, 28 April 2010, New York
India’s Achievement in Renewable Energy
Renewable Energy Programmes /Systems
Cumulative Achievements
as on 30th April 2011
1. Power from Renewable
A. Grid Interactive Renewable Power
Wind power
Small hydro power
Biomass power (agro-wastes/residues)
Bagasse cogeneration
Waste to power
Solar power
Subtotal (A)
In MW
13065.78
2850.25
979.10
1494.53
72.46
17.82
18479.94
B. Off grid/Distributed enewable power(including captive/CHP plants)
Biomass power/Cogeneration (Non-Bagasse)
Biomass gasifiers
U&I waste-to-energy
Rural waste-to-energy
Solar PV power plants and street lights(>1kW)
Aero-generators/hybrid systems
Subtotal (B)
Total (A+B)
Renewable Energy contributes 11.4 % in total energy generation in India
267.08
128.16
60.78
0.45
2.39
1.07
459.93
18939.87
Source : MNRE
India’s Achievement in Renewable Energy
Contd
Renewable Energy Programmes/ Systems
Cumulative Achievement
as on 30th April 2011
2. Remote Village Electrification
3. Decentralised energy systems
Family type biogas plants (in lakh)
6446 villages
43.10
SPV street lighting system (in nos.)
1,22,339
SPV home lighting system (in nos.)
6,69,400
SPV lanterns (in nos.)
8,13,380
SPV pumps (in nos.)
7495
SPV water heating-collector area (in million sq m)
3.53
Solar cookers (in lakh)
6.64
Wind pumps (in nos.)
1420
Source : MNRE
Conducive Policy framework
…Contd
• Remote Village Electrification Program (2004)
• Rajiv Gandhi Grameen Vidhyutikaran Yojana(2005)
• Decentralized Distributed Generation (DDG) and Supply
• Rural Household Electrification of Below Poverty Line
Households
• National Solar Mission
• Create an enabling policy framework for the deployment of
20,000 MW of solar power by 2022
• Promote programmes for off grid applications, reaching 1000
MW by 2017 and 2000 MW by 2022
• Deploy 20 million solar lighting systems for rural areas by 2022
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Solar Lighting Systems
Solar Lantern
Solar Home Lighting System
Solar Street Lighting System
Solar Home Lighting System
Solar based Mini-Grid system in India
Solar PV array
Control room
Battery Bank
Local distribution grid
Hybrid System at Sunderbans
55 kW Solar and 3.5kW Wind Electric
Generator based hybrid system
Wind Diesel hybrid system
15
A Typical LaBL Solar Charging Station
LaBL Lanterns:
In-house Research and Quality Control
Designing and Customization
LaBL Solar Charging Station (SLCS)
One package = 50 lanterns
Solar Mobile Charging
17
Cost of Illuminating a village with 50 lanterns (INR in Thousands)
LaBL: Bringing Technology to the Masses
LaBL Achievements across India
200,000
Lives
Illuminated
700 Villages
implemented
>800 Green
jobs created
40,000
households
lit
17
States
covered
75 training &
capacity bldg
workshops held
-As of Sept 2011
Cooking and Heating
• 3 billion people dependent on direct
burning of biomass
• Approx 150 million rural households
adversely impacted by biomass based
cooking in India
•Close to 2 million people die globally due
to indoor air pollution – chief cause of ALRI
• Monitoring of IAP
• A few thousand improved cook stoves installed
• SHGs for manufacturing and marketing of stoves
• Current commercial options cost around $40-$80
•Focus on cost reduction to bring it down to $ 20
• Focus on real time monitoring of cooking to
claim C credits
Metallic Cook stove in
use
Parabolic solar cooker
TERI’s prototype ICs
•
•
•
•
Single burner forced draft stove
Double burner forced draft stove
Efficiency – 35%
Price – 2000 INR (40 % less than a commercial
model with comparable performance)
• Field trials
• Customization of technology to facilitate
transition in the cooking regime
• Training of stove builders
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Improved cook stove models
Complexities
• Adoption is difficult as it pertains to change in attitude and behaviour
– Complex social, cultural and gender interactions
– Affordability issues – makes technology development difficult
• Environment an unlikely driver at the local level – more a development
imperative
• Motives for climate perspective not clearly understood – draw attention
away from CO2 mitigation- not being taken forward in right earnest??
• Climate concerns have not led to any major investments or support for
cook stove initiatives
Way forward
• Technology development – affordable and efficient
options that meet global standards
• Development of protocols, standards and benchmarks
• Testing and certification systems
• Recognition of BC mitigation in C trading
• Setting up of financial mechanisms to support cook stove
initiatives
Bio resource base in India
• Biomass production – 840 million tons
(Firewood
220 million tons)
(Agro residues 620 million tons)
• Biomass at par with coal, but used
inefficiently
Overview of Biomass Technology Research at
TERI
• Power Gasifier
– Rural electrification (10-40 kWe)
– Captive generation (50-250 kWe)
• Thermal Gasifier / Stove
– About 12 biomass gasifier based packages developed
– Oil replacement market
– Energy Efficiency improvement
• Bio-fuels
– Technology development for ethanol production from
ligno-cellulose material
– Production of fuel oil from Biomass through
Pyrolysis
About LaBL ITP
• Offers short term volunteering assignments 3
times a year (Summer; Autumn ; Winter) ; 4
weeks
• Volunteers arranged in batches;
Training/orientation provided
• Assign a Point Person from the LaBL team to
oversee work allocation
• Undertake field / desk assignments and gain
first-hand work experience
ITP Enrollment: How?
Call for
Application
Screening
and
Shortlisting
Orientation
& Training
Point
persons
assigned
Undertake
assignments
TERI’s Initiative: India’s First Smart Mini-Grid
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
10.5 kW crystalline SPV
1.0 kW Thin-film SPV
2.0 kW crystalline SPV
28.8 kWh Battery Bank
3.2 kW Wind Generator
100 kWe Biomass Gasifier
Diesel Gen-set
E
B
C
A
D
F
G
Ensuring
• Maximum utilization of renewable energy
• Improvement in overall system efficiency
• Better autonomy and control to customers
• Intelligent load and energy resource management through smart controllers
and advanced control techniques
• Minimum network disruptions and number of blackouts
Smart Mini-Grid at TERI
GRIHA: Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment
Tool to facilitate design, construction, operation of a
green building ,and in turn ….measure “greenness” of
a building in India
What gets measured gets managed
Highlights
Set of 34 criteria
100 (+4 innovation points)
point system with differential
weightage on various criteria





51 - 60
61 - 70
71 - 80
81- 90
91- 100
Weightage based on our National Priorities
GRIHA innovation points over and above 100 points
Key highlights of GRIHA
• Sets out guidelines for design, construction and
operation
• Combination of qualitative and quantitative criteria
• Sets performances benchmarks for key resources like,
energy and water
• Facilitates integration of traditional knowledge on
architecture with present day technology
• Integrates all relevant Indian codes and standards(e.g
National building code 2005, Energy Conservation
Building Code 2007, IS codes)
• Is in complete alignment with government policies and
programs (e.g Environmental clearance by the MoEF)
ADaRSH (Association for Development and
Research of Sustainable Habitats
• ADaRSH is an independent society, registered under the
Societies Act, 1860
• a platform for interaction on all relevant issues pertaining
to sustainable habitats in the Indian context
• Was founded jointly by MNRE (Ministry of New and
Renewable Energy, Government of India) and TERI (The
Energy & Resources Institute, New Delhi) along with some
of the experts in the fields related to sustainability of builtenvironment from across the country
• ADaRSH promotes and manages GRIHA – The National
Rating System (Green Rating for Integrated Habitat
Assessment) as a design and evaluation tool for green
buildings and habitats, and administers the rating.
Thank You
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