Human Elective
V.Redmond
2011
Overpopulation
 Overpopulation
occurs when there are
more people living in an area than there
are resources to support them.
 Resources
could include clean water,
food, shelter, land, education, medicine,
etc.
Sudan
 North
east Africa
 Largest African country
 Barren, only 5% of land is fertile. Desert
climate in north and Tropical in south.
 Capital is Khartoum
 Political divisions between Islamic north
and Black south.
Map of Sudan
Population in Sudan
 32
million
 50% under 18 years
 Life expectancy 55 years
 Uneven distribution
 33% population living on 7% of land
 66% of population live within 300 km of
Khartoum
Causes of Overpopulation
 High
Birth Rates
 Migration and Conflict
 Environmental Degradation
 …….Overpopulation is confined to certain
parts of Sudan (near Khartoum and the
Darfur region)
Birth Rates
 Stage
2 in population cycle
 High level of natural increase
 Large families, 5 children average
 High infant mortality
 Lack education/ Family planning
 50% of population under 18
 High Dependency Ratio
Conflict
 2003
 Sudanese
Liberation Army & Justice and
Equality Movement
 Rebelled against government
 Blamed govt for not protecting farming
communities and not developing the
Darfur region of Sudan
 Govt responded with violence
Conflict and Migration
 Govt
bombed villages
 Supported Janjawid (mounted Arab militia)
 Continuous fighting in rural areas
 Villages looted, burned, abandoned
 Over a million displaced people (refugees)
within Darfur and thousands fled to Chad
 Thousands killed
Effect of Conflict on Population
 Overpopulation
in certain areas
 Lack of services and employment in these
areas
 Refugees require huge amount of food
and medical aid
 Brain drain as professionals emigrate
Influx from Ethiopia
 Famine
and Conflict
 One million refugees flee to Darfur
 Lack skills/education
 Unemployment
 Burden of aid provision
Migration
 Internal
 External
to Chad
 Immigration from Ethiopia
 Brain drain
Environmental Degradation
 Drought
reduces food production capacity
 Regular drought
 Deforestation for fuel
 Deforestation causing Desertification
 Sahara spreading south 10 km a year
Exam Questions
 Explain
the term overpopulation and examine
two causes of overpopulation in a region you
have studied. (30 marks)
 Discuss
two effects of overpopulation in a
region or country that you have studied. (30
marks)
 Examine
one cause and one effect of
overpopulation, with reference to examples
you have studied. (30 marks)