Role of “Waste to Energy” Technology
in a Sustainable Waste Management Approach
Workshop: Waste Management in Gurgaon 10.07.2013
Agenda
Introduction
Waste to Energy
Hitachi Zosen
Role of «Waste to Energy» in an Integrated Sustainable Waste Management Approach
Recommendations
2
Introduction
3
Definintion of Waste to Energy
Waste to Energy (WtE) or Energy from Waste (EfW) is the process of generating energy
in the form of electricity and/or heat from the incineration of waste.
Source: wikipedia.org
Waste to Energy is an Incineration process in which solid waste is converted into
thermal energy to generate steam that drives turbines for electricity generators.
Source: businessdictionary.com
4
Waste Treatment Technologies
Category
Method
Technology
Landfill
Mechanical Biological Treatment
Recycling
Composting
Anaerobic Digestion
Thermal Treatment
Combustion
Grate
Fluid Bed
Rotary Kiln
Pyrolysis
Gasification
Plasma
Autoclaving
5
Grate Combustion (Massburn)
First Waste Fire in Cleveland (UK) on 8. July 2013, 2:15 PM
6
Waste to Energy Technology
Weighting Station
Sliding Gates to Stop Odors
Delivery
7
Waste to Energy Technology
Waste Storage
Waste Cranes to Mix Waste
Waste Pit
Fire-Extinguishing System
8
Furnace
Waste to Energy Technology
Feed Hopper
Primary Air
Grate
Secondary Air
Ram Feeder
Bottom Ash Extractor
9
Waste to Energy Technology
Steam Production
Water / Steam System
Boiler
Electricity Production
Districting Heating / Pocess Steam
10
Waste to Energy Technology
Electrostatic Precipitator
«Reactor»
Fabric Filter
Scrubber
Flue Gas Treatment
ID Fan / Stack
11
The Role of Hitachi Zosen
General Contractor for turnkey plants
with civil works
General Contractor for turnkey plants
without civil works
System Provider
(e.g. combustion system, FGT system)
Components Provider
(e.g. combustion, boiler, FGT components)
1 2 3 4 5
Service Provider
(e.g. maintenance, revisions, operation)
Hitachi Zosen is a Technology Provider not a Developer
12
75 Years Experience In Building Waste to Energy Plants
1823
1937 / 39
1960
2010
Ludwig von Roll founded
„Company of Ludwig von
Roll‘s Ironworks“
Construction of first waste
treatment plant in Dordrecht,
Netherlands
Beginning of long-term
license partnership between
Von Roll and Hitachi Zosen
Corporation
December 20th Von Roll Inova
became a company of
Hitachi Zosen Corporation
1933
Establishment of
„L. von Roll Aktiengesellschaft
für kommunale Anlagen“
(today Hitachi Zosen Inova)
In April 2012 Hitachi Zosen India opened its Hyderabad-based branch office,
which is solely dedicated to provide WTE solutions for the Indian market.
XIV SIMAI São Paulo 06. Novembro 2012 - Roland P. Greil
13
Hitachi Zosen’s Global Reference Projects
24
Americas
Europe
South Africa
Asia
Australia
237
214
24
237
2
214
2
3
3
14
Hitachi Zosen’s Global Reference Projects
480
Global 480
15
WTE Plant Rural Integrated Infrastructure
EfW-Plant, Hinwil, Switzerland
Throughput flue gas per years
• 2 x 87,500 Nm3/h (nom.)
• 2 x 120,000 Nm3/h (max.)
16
WTE Plant – Urban Integrated Infrastructure
EfW-Plant, Issy-les-Moulinaux (Paris), France
•
Throughput per day 1260 t/d
•
Thermal capacity 2 x 85.1 MW
17
WTE Plant Riverside – High Efficiency For Large Cities
Lines
3
Waste throughput per line:
Thermal power of waste:
31.8 t/h
238.5 MW
Electrical power gross:
73 MW
Electrical power net:
65 MW
Electrical Efficiency net:
27.3 %
(net = excluding power to run plant)
Emissions safely comply with Waste
Incineration Directive (2000/76/EG)
WSC
Oxidation
ST
Generator
Flue Gas Cleaning
Gasification
Waste
ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger
18
Xiamen, China
Key Data
l Waste incineration plant with two incineration lines
for the city of Xiamen known as „Garden on the
Sea“
l State-of-the-art furnace, flue gas cleaning, metal
separation
Client
Xiamen Environment &
Sanitation Comprehensive
Process Plan
Start-up
2006
Technology
Furnace
Energy recovery
Flue gas treatment
Residue treatment
Grate furnace
4-pass boiler, turbine
Semi dry process
Metal separation of slag
Technical Data
Fuel
Waste capacity
Net calorific value
Thermal capacity
Steam
Municipal waste
144,000 t/a (2 x 9 t/h)
1400 Kcal/kg
29.4 MW
31.8 t/h (40 bar, 400°C)
l Hitachi Zosen Inova responsible for overall process
design, grate, boiler, semi dry reactor and bag filter,
detail design, supply of key components, erection
and commissioning supervision
19
Role of Waste to Energy in an Integrated Solid Waste
Management Approach
20
Integrated Sustainable Waste Management
Prevention
Reduction
Recycling
Recovery
Disposal
While the priority clearly is on prevention, reduction and recycling of waste, there will
always be remaining waste quantities that must be disposed somehow.
21
«Zero Waste» is not Possible
Zero Waste is mainly an academic term only
There are unlimited costs involved when MSW has to be processed such, that 100% can
be reused and recycled.
There is not a single municipality in the world, which has successfully introduced a waste
management system with «Zero Waste»
It took the US 40 years to reach a recycling rate of 38%
Zero Waste = Zero Success
22
Why to Incinerate Waste?
Less landfill space required
Have chemically stable resdidues only
Thermal Utilization of Energy Content
Reduction of green house gas emissions
Material Utilization
Reduce transportation distances
Many industralized countries ban MSW landfills
23
Strengths and Weaknesses of WTE
Strengths
Weaknesses
• No pretreatment required
•High Capital Costs
• Proven / high availability
•Residue Disposal
• Commercially available
•Expert knowhow required to assure
“safe” emissions
• Energy recovery
• High volume reduction
• Transportation costs lower than for
landfill
24
WTE – State of the Art Technology
Mercedes-Benz 540 K
Spezial Roadster
1937
Mercedes-Benz
SLK 55 AMG
2011
EfW-Plant,
Dordrecht, Netherlands
1937
EfW-Plant,
Riverside, London, UK
2011
ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger
25
WTE Emissions – From A Dark Yesterday To A Bright Today
Emissions to the Atmosphere in Switzerland
Mercury
Dioxins and Furans
Chorides
Traffic
Cadmium
Domestic
Industry
WtE
Source: Federal Office for the Environment (BAFU) of Switzerland
ENERWASTE SUMMIT Abu Dhabi - March 2013 - Dr. Helen Gablinger
26
International Situation
900 WTE plants in operation worldwide (110 in China, 1 in India)
The best integrated waste management systems around the world, always use a
combination of recycling and Waste to Energy to achieve less than 1% of waste
landfilling
Countries with the highest incineration rates, are at the same time those countries with
the highest living standards and the longest live expectations
Countries with the highest incineration rates, are at the same time those countries with
the highest recycling rates
27
Waste Management Europe 2010
100%
90%
80%
70%
Landfilled
60%
Recycled
50%
EfW
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Data by Eurostat
28
Example Mallorca Island (Spain)
Recycling and Incineration go Hand in Hand
Components
Sewage sludge – solar drying
Packaging facility for recycling
plastic
Methanization facility
Visitor center
Energy-from-Waste facility
29
The Indispensable Approach to Sustainable Waste Management
Waste to Energy is one of the most robust and effective
alternative options for reducing green house gas
emissions
WTE generation replaces 7-38 million tons of fossil fuels
(equaling 19-37 million tons of CO2) in Europe
114 million tons of CO2 equivalents could potentially be
avoided by 2020 in EU-27 by avoiding landfill of
untreated waste
WTE plants supply 13 million EU households with
electricity and 12 million with heat
Source: Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy plants (cewep.eu)
30
Situation in India
The National Bio-Energy Board (NBB) of the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy
Sources (MNES) has developed the “National Master Plan of India for Development
of Waste-to-Energy Projects” with a clear recommendation to provide special loans
for Waste-to-Energy projects.
«Our extensive research has shown conclusively that after all possible recycling and
combosting are done, the only two alternatives for dealing with the post-recycling
municipal solid waste are combustion with energy recovery and landfilling.»
«A future without landfills is not possible without Waste to Energy»
Official Response to BBMP Bangalore Expert / Technical Comittee Recommendations by
Waste to Energy Research and Technolgoy Council – India (WTERT)
National Environmental Engineering Research Institiute (NEERI)
Earth Engineering Center (EEC), Columbia University USA
31
Recommendations
32
Waste Cycle
Consuming
Distribution
Waste Disposal
Manufacturing
Waste Transport
Energy Recovery
Power Generation
Raw Materials
Landfill
33
Ideal Waste Management Setup according to Hitachi Zosen
Municipal Waste
Separate
Collection
of Recyclables
Incineration
with Recuperation
of Residues
Landfill
Utilization
with final disposal
quality
34
Infrastructure Development of a Typical Society
35
Recommendations are a Matter of Priorities
Identify basic requirements
Identify and integrate all stakeholders from the beginning
Plan longterm (develop a vision)
Identify the most urgent problems
Assign priorities along the Waste Cycle
Address different problems separately (there is never a single solution)
Keep it simple and realistic but in line with the vision
Do not select exotic solutions
Get familiar with «Lessons Learned» from other countries
Try to work with experts only (with proper experience)
Try to utilize the forces of the free market economy in as many areas as possible
36
Is Waste to Energy a Solution for your Municipality?
If reduction of landfilling is a priority, because of…
Negative Impact on Local population
Contribution to Climate Change
Because Energy content of remaining waste should be of higher priority
There is simply not more space for new landfills (!)
If the frame conditions are such that a WTE project might become financially viable
Municipality is willing to pay «reasonable» Gate Fees for disposal
«and/or» electricity sales price is attractive
«and/or» financial support is available for the developer
Capital Requirement of approx. INR 10 cr / MW
37
LoCal 580 - WTE Concept for Low Calorific Waste
38
Goal and design Values of Local 580
Goal
Develop EfW plant for
Markets with low calorific value (Asia, South
America)
High efficiency
Production of electricity
Standardised basic design
Supplied by local office of HZI
Consider local supplies and local services as far
as possible
Design
580 tons per day
(not pre-treated municipal solid waste)
Gross power output = 8.0 MWel
Plant in operation without use of auxiliary fuel
39
Conclusions
There will always be a remaining amount of waste that must be disposed somehow
A sustainable waste mangement system does include incineration as an important factor
to reduce the overall impact on the environment.
Indian municipalities must set priorities, whereas WTE currently will not be the highest,
unless scarcity of land for new landfills is the dominating factor
40
Thank you very much
www.hz-india.com
Linkedin – Hitachi Zosen India Pvt. Ltd.
41