WtERT GERMANY
Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council
http://www.wtert.eu
Introduction to WtERT Germany &
Overview of WtE in Germany
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Jakuttis
Athens, Greece
08 April 2015
OUTLINE
WtERT Germany
WtE in Germany
Examples
OUTLINE
WtERT Germany
WtE in Germany
Examples
ORIGINS
1995
Prof. Nickolas Themelis founded the
Earth Engineering Center (EEC)
1996 – 2001
EEC focus changes from material and resource
management to waste management in the USA
2002
EEC together with the International Solid Waste
Association (ISWA), formed the WtERT Council
2009
Prof. Martin Faulstich and Prof. Peter Quicker
founded WtERT Germany, the German branch of
the council
STAFF OF WtERT GERMANY
Scientific Leadership
Prof. Martin Faulstich
Prof. Peter Quicker
General Manager
Dipl.-Ing. Michael Jakuttis
Research assistant
Saša Malek M.Sc.
Waste to Energy in Eastern Europe
Emmanuel Serna M.Sc.
Waste to Energy in South America
BACKGROUND
WASTE DISPOSAL IS HISTORY
Today the accepted objective of every responsible waste economy strategy
must be the use of waste as a resource.
Five-step waste hierarchy according to EU Directive 2008/98/EC
Avoidance before reuse before recycling before other recovery (including WtE)
before disposal.
RESEARCH TOPICS
Thermal Treatment
Recovers the energy, and partly material too, by
direct combustion.
Anaerobic Treatment
Recovers the energy and material by fermentating
organic wastes to generate biogas.
Landfill Gas Utilization
WtERT is strictly against the creation of new
landfills for untreated waste, however the
methane emitted from current landfills must be
used.
OUTLINE
WtERT Germany
WtE in Germany
Examples
MODERN HISTORY OF
WtE IN GERMANY
1893
First German waste incineration plant in Hamburg
1972
Waste Disposal Act of 1972
1973
World oil crisis
1980s
Dioxin scandal
Germany´s first Waste
Incineration Plant in Hamburg1
1990
Ordinance on Waste Incineration and CoIncineration (17th BImSchV)
1996
51 WtE Plants (11 million tons/year)
June 1st 2005
Disposal of untreated municipal waste terminated
State-of-the-art German WtE
Plant in Nuremberg2
Photo Sources:
1) www.abfallberatung-unterfranken.de
2) www.lfu.bayern.de
WASTE GENERATION
AND ECONOMIC GROWTH
Net waste quantity between 2000 and 2006 decreased by 16 %
In the same period the German GDP rose by 6 %
Source: UBA
COUNTRY FACTS
MSW generated: 564 kg/person
Calorific value of waste incinerated in
Germany around 10 MJ/kg
High recycling rate – 46%
High incineration rate – 35%
Very low landfill rate – 1%
Biologically treated – 18%
(no landfilling of untreated MSW)
73 WtE Plants (as of 2006)
Capacity: ~ 18 million tons/year
66 MBT, MBS, MPS Plants (as of 2006)
Capacity: ~ 7 million tons/year
Physical, Mechanical and Biological Plants
Source: UBA
Waste Incineration Plants
EUROPEAN FACTS
Half a ton of municipal waste generated per person in the EU27 in 2007.
Source: Eurostat News Release 31/2009
OUTLINE
WtERT Germany
WtE in Germany
Examples
THERMAL TREATMENT
TECHNOLOGIES
Source: Bilitewski
MUNICH WtE PLANT
Types of waste:
Household waste, bulky waste, industrial
waste, sewage sludge, energy recovery
Capacity: 653 273 tons/year (2009)
Combustion units: 4
Heating: Reciprocating grate
Electricity sales:
131,514,000 kWh/a
District heating output:
744,772,000 kWh/a
WtE Plant Munich North
Flue gas cleaning process:
Spray dryer – ESP – 2-stage wet scrubber
– Catalyst – Fabric Filter
Source: Bayerisches Landesamt für Umwelt
WASTE INCINERATION
PLANT IN COLOGNE
Types of waste:
Household waste, bulky waste, industrial
waste, sewage sludge, energy recovery
Capacity:
740 702 tons/year (2008)
Combustion units: 4
Heating: Roller grate
Electricity sales:
331,970,000 kWh/a
District heating output:
137,501,000 kWh/a
AVG Köln mbH
Flue gas cleaning process:
Spray dryer – Fabric filter – HCl-scrubber –
SO2-scrubber – DENOX dioxin catalyst – coke filter
Source: www.afgkoeln.de
WtERT MEETING
What?
WtERT Annual Meeting Europe
When?
13-14 October 2010
Where?
Brno, Czech Republic
Topics?
- Waste Management in
Eastern Europe
- Politics, Society and Law
- Technology:
Status and Developments
- and more
Brno, CZ
Programme available in our website
http://www.wtert.eu
Image: Melinda van den Brink
THANK YOU
FOR YOUR ATTENTION!
Please join our WtE Network Today!
http://www.wtert.eu
WASTE LEGISLATION
European
Waste Law
Directives (e.g.
2008/98/EC,
1999/31/EC,
2000/76/EC)
Regulations (e.g.
EC No 2150/2002)
Federal
Waste Law
Recycling and Waste
Act (KrW-/AbfG)
Regulations (e.g.
Waste Storage
Ordinance (AbfAblV)
Technical guidances
(e.g. TG Municipal
Solid Waste (TA Si)
Waste Law of the
German States
Laws
Regulations
Administrative
regulations
Municipal
Law
Ordinances of
public waste
disposal
authorities
AWM DRY FERMENTATION
PLANT - MUNICH
Types of waste: Biowaste (Kitchen and Garden Waste)
Capacity: 25,000 tons/year
Combined heat & power plant (CHP) electric output: 3 x 190 kilowatt (electric)
Fermentation residues are processed into finished compost which is then returned to
the biomass cycle as valuable fertilizer (ca. 9,000 tons/year)
Advantages:
• Simple technology
• Low maintenance
costs
• Low process
energy consumption
• Low susceptibility
to interfering
substances (e.g.
foils or woody or
fibrous constituents)
• Greatly reduced
emission
Source: BEKON, AWM München
KIRCHSTOCKACH MULTI STAGE
WET FERMENTATION PLANT
Types of waste: Biowaste with a high content of garden waste (>30%)
Capacity: 30,000 tons/year
Biogas yield: 1.85 Million m³/year (Heating value ~ 22 – 25 MJ/m3)
Combined heat & power plant (CHP) electric output: 2 x 310 kilowatt (electric)
Advantages:
• Short retention
time
• High biogas yield
• High methane
content in biogas
• Greatly reduced
emission
• Heat generated is
used by houses
nearby
Source: BTA