Biofine Technology, LLC
“Cellulosic Biodiesel”
www.biofinetechnology.com
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CELLULOSE AND STARCH
THE
BIOFINE
PROCESS
CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL
BIOFINE
PRESENTATION OUTLINE
 THE BIOFINE “BIO-REFINING” PROCESS
 LEVULINIC ACID: A VERSATILE PLATFORM CHEMICAL
 LEVULINATE ESTERS: A NEW CLASS OF CELLULOSIC ADVANCED BIOFUELS
 TEST WORK (BROOKHAVEN NATIONAL LABORATORY)
 LIFE CYCLE CARBON DIOXIDE SAVINGS AND BENEFITS FOR HEATING OIL
 FEEDSTOCKS AND POTENTIAL LOCATIONS
 PRODUCTION - WHAT WILL IT COST?
BIOFINE
Biofine Process – Fast Chemical Conversion
Cellulose
First Stage
“Plug Flow”
Reactor
Sugars
Fast Reaction
(Seconds)
Intermediates I
OHC
O
C H 2O H
HMF
Slower
Reaction
(Minutes)
Intermediates II
Levulinic Acid
Second Stage
“Back Mixed”
Reactor
(50wt %)
BYPRODUCTS: Tars
(30 wt%)
Formic Acid (20 wt %)
THE BIOFINE PROCESS
(THE “BIOREFINERY”)
FEEDSTOCKS
PRODUCTS
“BIOMASS”
CROPS
LEVULINIC
SPECIALTY
ACID
CHEMICALS
ARGICULTURAL
RESIDUES
COMMODITY
CELLULOSIC
SLUDGES
THE
WASTE
BIOFINE
PAPER
CHEMICALS
FORMIC
ACID
DOWNSTREAM
CONVERSION
HERBICIDES
PESTICIDES
PROCESS
WOOD
FURFURAL
HEATING OIL
STARCH
MOLASSES
BIOFINE
LIGNEOUS
TRANSPORTATION
CHAR
FUELS
LEVULINIC ACID: ONE OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY’S
“SELECT TWELVE” PLATFORM CHEMICALS FROM BIOMASS
O
O
O
OH
HO
HO
OH
O
HO
OH
O
NH 2
succinic acid
3-hydroxypropionic acid
O
HO
OH
O
HO
OH
4-hydroxybutyrolactone
O
OH
OH
O
itaconic acid
OH OH
O
O
glycerol
aspartic acid
HO
HO
OH
NH 2
O
glutamic acid
O
levulinic acid
O
O
HO
O
OH
2,5-furandicacboxylic acid
O
OH OH OH
OH OH
OH
HO
OH OH OH
xylitol
OH OH OH
sorbitol
OH OH O
glucaric acid
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Liquid Fuel Markets
• U.S. Fuel Markets:
– Heating oil – 7+ billion gallons
– Diesel Fuel – 53+ billion gallons
– Gasoline – 140+ billion gallons
DRIVERS FOR RENEWABLE LIQUID FUELS
 Sustainable Development (Social, Economic and Environmental)
 Kyoto – Reduction of Atmospheric Carbon Emissions
 Legislation (Carbon Control Programs for Fuels)
 Synergy with Primary Carbon Use (Liquids)
 Convenience of Use -High energy content (Liquid Fuels)
 Improved Product Performance (Cleaner Burning)
 Security of Supply (Home Grown Fuels)
 Agricultural Support (Energy Farms, Ag Byproducts)
 New Business Potential (Huge markets)
LEVULINATE ESTERS
“CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL”
A NEW CLASS OF ADVANCED BIOFUEL
FOR USE IN
COMMERCIAL AND RESIDENTIAL HEATING OIL
BIOFINE
“CELLULOSIC BIODIESEL”
LEVULINIC ACID ESTERS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
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EASILY PRODUCED FROM LEVULINIC ACID AND AN
ALCOHOL (ETHANOL OR METHANOL)
BIODIESEL FROM NON-FOOD FEEDSTOCKS - CELLULOSE
GREENHOUSE GAS SAVING – OVER 90%
GRAS - PRESENT MARKET IS IN FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCES
SAFE - HIGH FLASH POINT TEMPERATURE
LOW FREEZING POINT
CLEAN COMBUSTION (HIGH EFFIC, LOW PARTICULATE)
ROUTE FOR METHANOL OR ETHANOL INTO HEAVY FUELS
REASONABLE ENERGY DENSITY (100,000 BTU PER GALLON)
LOW VISCOSITY, HIGH LUBRICITY
BLENDS WITH BIODIESEL IN ALL PROPORTIONS
MUTUAL SOLVENCY WITH BIODIESEL IN DIESEL AND H.O.
EXTENDS AVAILABILITY OF FAME TO MEET DEMAND
BIOFINE
LEVUINATE ESTER FUEL TESTING PROGRAM AT BNL
•LEVULINIC ESTER BLENDS WITH BIODIESEL AND No. 2 HEATING OIL
FUNDED BY NORA, BIOFINE AND BNL
•
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•
•
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OXIDATIVE STABILITY (RANCIMAT)
ELASTOMER TESTING (NITRILE, VITON, TEFLON) (IN-PROGRESS)
COMBUSTION TESTING (EFFICIENCY AND EMISSIONS)
BLEND MISCIBILITY ESTERS WITH BIODIESEL AND No.2 H.O.
COLD TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR (CLOUD/POUR) (IN PROGRESS)
WATER ABSORPTION
BURNER CLEANING EFFECT FOR GUM DEPOSITION (IN-PROGRESS)
BIODIESEL OXIDATIVE STABILITY –
EFFECT OF LEVULINATE ESTERS
BNL DATA
COMBUSTION QUALITY RESULTS
• SUMMARY (Operational data from oil-fired test boiler at BNL)
CO
(ppm)
CO2 %
SO2
(ppm)
EFF%
NOx
(ppm)
No. 2 Oil
6.6
13%
61
86.6%
119
Levulinate Ester
2.1
10%
2
86.2%
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LEVULINATE ESTER COMBUSTION IN OIL BURNER
B.N.L. Photos 100% E.L. and No. 2 Heating Oil
(B.N.L. notes lean burn of E.L. and less excess air required)
Ethyl Levulinate EL-100
BIOFINE
No. 2 Home Heating Oil
GENERATOR TESTING - 35% LESS SMOKE WITH LEVULINATE ESTER BLEND
Texaco R&D funded by NYSERDA
3.5
3
2.5
2
1.5
1
0.5
0
LSRD 1
LE Blend
LSRD 2
LEVULINATE ESTER USE WITH
BIODIESEL (FAME) - MISCIBILITY
B.N.L. Photo of 50% Levulinate Ester and 50% Biodiesel
BIOFINE
LEVULINATE ESTER USE WITH
BIODIESEL (FAME) - MISCIBILITY
B.N.L. Photo of 5% Ester, 5% Biodiesel, 90% heating Oil
BIOFINE
LOW TEMPERATURE BEHAVIOUR OF ESTER BLENDS
• TESTING IN PROGRESS PER ASTM D-5771 AND D-5950
• INITIAL QUALITATIVE TESTING CONFIRM SIGNIFICANT LOW
TEMPERATURE BENEFITS ON CLOUD POINT AND CFPP
WATER ABSORPTION WITH ESTER BLENDS
• HEATING OIL/BIODIESEL/ESTER BLENDS REJECT WATER
• BLENDS ARE STABLE IN PRESENCE OF WATER
• NO MEASURABLE CHANGE IN SEPARATED WATER VOLUME
• SUPPORTED BY PREVIOUS TEST WORK (PER ASTM D-1094)
GREENHOUSE GAS LIFE CYCLE ANALYSES FOR LEVULINATES
• FUNDED BY BIOFINE
• CARRIED OUT INDEPENDENTLY BY EARTHSHIFT LLC (VERMONT/N.H.)
• “GREET” MODEL (ANL)
• ASSESSMENT OF THE SUSTAINABILITY OF BIOMASS-DERIVED FUELS
• COMPARED LEVULINATE ESTER TO BIODIESEL AND GASOLINE/DIESEL
Urban Solid Waste
Material and Energy Flows for
Production and Utilization of
Chemicals & Fuels from Biomass
BIOFINE
LEVUNIATE ESTERS VERSUS FOSSIL FUEL
GHG EMISSIONS FROM LEVULINATE ESTERS VS
CONVENTIONAL FOSSIL FUELS
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
GASOLINE
DIESEL
GRAMS GHG PER MILE
LEVULINATE
ESTER
GHG EMISSIONS FROM LEVULINATE ESTERS
AND SOY BIODIESEL
GHG EMISSIONS FROM REGULAR DIESEL, SOY
BIODIESEL AND LEVULINATE ESTER
Kg per million BTU
100
80
60
40
20
0
REGULAR DIESEL
-20
SOY BIODIESEL
LEVULINATE ESTER
SIGNIFICANCE FOR HEATING OIL EMISSIONS
BLENDING REQUIREMENT WITH HEATING OIL TO ACHIEVE GHG PARITY
WITH NATURAL GAS HEAT
SOY BIODIESEL – 12%
LEVULINATE ESTER – 6%
50/50 BIODIESEL/LEVULINATE ESTER BLEND – 9%
ECONOMIC IMPACT OF LARGE SCALE
COMMERCIAL APPLICATION
Facility Feedstock Capacity
Direct jobs created
Supply jobs created
Induced jobs
1,000 dry tonnes per day
90 full time equivalents
58 full time equivalents
337 full time equivalents
TOTAL JOBS CREATED
486 full time equivalents
Construction jobs created
Petroleum Displacement
565 job years (250 per year)
1,000,000 barrels/yr
Innovative Natural Resource Solutions LLC
BIOFINE
Co-location
 Pulp and/or paper mill
 Power Plants
 Waste Recycling Plants
 Saves capital and
operating costs
 Leverages existing
infrastructure and
resources
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PROCESS ECONOMICS:
BIOREFINERY CAPITAL, OPERATING COST and PROFITABILITY
Facility type
Dry woody biomass (forest residues)
Capacity – (Ester: Metric Ton /yr)
ISBL Capital $MM (incl. power island)
Feedstock Cost
Large Scale Brown Field
1000 Dry Metric Ton/day
145,000
$200 million
$70/dry Metric Ton
Manufacturing cost($/MT of EL)
$606/metric ton
By Product Credit ($/MT of EL)
$180 per metric ton
Total Production Cost $/MT ($/gallon)
Total Projected Revenues
(with byproduct credits)
Total Projected Earnings (EBIDTA)
$426 ($1.63)
$142 million per year
$64 million per year per plant
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Biomass Conversion Cost
Large Scale Operation
 Biomass delivered
 Fuel Production Cost
$70 per dry tonne
$4 per GJ
$ 426 per tonne
$17 per GJ
Compare:
Gasoline at $2.15/gallon $740 per tonne
$17 per GJ
BIOFINE
Biofine Technology, LLC
Stephen W. Fitzpatrick Ph.D.
(508) 532 6760 extn 11
WWW.BIOFINETECHNOLOGY.COM
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