Chapter 23 Section 1
Forging a New Deal
New Deal
• The relief, recovery and
reform programs of
FDR’s administration
that were aimed at
combating the Great
Depression
Hundred days
• Time period from the
inauguration of FDR to
June 1933
• FDR pushed program
after program through
Congress to
– Provide relief
– Create jobs
– Stimulate economic
recovery
Emergency Banking Act
• This act authorized the
government to inspect
the financial health of
all banks
• All banks were closed,
and not allowed to reopen until they had all
been inspected and
declared to be safe
Why do you think the bank is so
crowded?
• Many were just
probably making sure
the bank was open and
functioning properly
• Some were probably
wanting to withdraw
their savings
What steps did FDR take to restore the nation’s
hope and boost public confidence in economic
institutions?
• His easy, confident
manner
• His direct
communication with
the American people
(fireside chats)
• He renewed confidence
in economic institutions
– Bank holiday
– Glass-Steagall Banking
Act
Public Works Program
• Government funded
projects to build public
facilities
What role did public works programs play
in Roosevelt’s plans for economic
recovery?
• They employed a large
number of people
building roads and
public facilities
• Reenergized the people
through employment
• The nation benefitted
from the work done by
the programs
Civilian Conservation Corps
• Put more than 2.5 million
young men, ages 18-25 to
work
• Maintained forests,
beaches, and parks
• Earned $30/ month
• They lived in camps with
little to no expenses, so
most money was sent to
the worker’s families
Agricultural Adjustment Act
• Set up to raise crop
prices pay paying
farmers government
money to cut
production of certain
crops
• Hoped that by lowering
supply of crops,
demand would rise
– As demand rises, so
would prices
Tennessee Valley Authority
• Helped farmers and
created jobs in one of
the country’s least
developed regions (The
Tennessee Valley)
What benefits did the Tennessee
Valley Authority bring about?
• Provided cheap
electric power,
flood control,
and recreational
opportunities
What historic appointments did FDR
make to his administration?
• FDR was the first
President to appoint a
woman (Frances Perkins)
to a cabinet post
• He hired African
Americans in more than
100 policy making posts,
including at least 1
African American woman,
Mary McLeod Bethune
Second New Deal
• 1st 100 days of FDR’s 2nd
term as President
– Included more social
welfare benefits, stricter
controls over business,
stronger support for
unions, higher taxes on
the rich
Wagner Act
• Legalized collective
bargaining, closed
shops
• Outlawed spying on
union activities and
blacklisting
• Set up the National
labor Relations Board to
enforce its rules
How was the Wagner Act a triumph for
organized labor
• You already answered
this…why would you
answer it again!?
Closed Shop
• Workplaces which are
open only to union
members
Social Security Act
• Passed in 1935
• Had 3 major parts
– 1. Old age insurance
– 2. Unemployment
compensation system
– 3. Aid to families with
dependent children and
the disabled
Social Security Act
• Old age insurance
• 65 and older
• Supplement to a
person’s private
retirement plan-not a
complete retirement
plan
Social Security Act
• Unemployment
compensation- funded
by a federal tax on
employers
• Administered at state
level
Social Security Act
• Families with
dependent children and
disabled- assisted blind,
crippled, needy elderly,
mothers with
dependent children