5 Themes of Geography
World History
SH 24-29

World History Text
Cartography

Maps v. Globes
– Map projections
 Mercator
– Distortion increases in size and distance as you move
from equator. Useful for early sailors because of
true directions and shapes
 Goode’s Interrupted Equal Area
– True size and shape, distance is distorted
 Robinson
– Flattens out polar areas
Mercator (1569)
Positive: used by
sailors because it
preserves linear
scale and allows
straight course
lines. Also
preserves angles
and shapes
Negative: scale is
distorted especially
towards the poles
Interrupted and Robinson
Projections
A compromise between equal area and
conformal
Interrupted projection
An equal area image.
Problem?
Five Themes of Geography
Location
 Regions
 Place
 Movement
 Human Environment Interaction

Location
Where in the world a certain place is found; Absolute and Relative
Absolute Location
Exactly where
something is found on a
map
 Latitude

– Measures North and
South
– Equator (0 degrees)

Longitude
– Measures East and West
– Prime Meridian (0
degrees)
Relative Location


2 Miles South of Essex
Must have current
knowledge of the area
Region

A large area that has
common
characteristics

Physical (examples)
– Landforms
– Climate

Cultural (examples)
– Religion
– Language
Place

What an area looks like in physical and
human terms
– One particular area

Physical
– Landforms
– Soil
– Climate

Human
– Cultural
Region = Large
 Place = Small

Movement

The transfer of peoples, goods, and ideas
from one place to another.

Cultural Diffusion
– Items from one cultural are used by another
culture

What causes Cultural Diffusion?
–
–
–
–
Trade
Migration
Conquest
Religion
Human Environmental
Interaction

How humans and the environment have
changed
– How the environment has changed humans
– How humans have changed the
environment to suit their needs

What are some examples of Human
Environmental Interaction that you used
today?
Examples of H.E.I.
Exercises:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Using the map at the
front of the room,
find the countries at
the following
degrees:
20 n, 100 w
60 n, 100 e
20 n, 20 e
65 n, 160 e
20 s, 60 w
20 s, 50 e

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
What are Relative
locations of the
following areas:
Baltimore
Wheeler Hall
Johns Hopkins
University
Towson Mall
Catonsville




1_____
2_____
3_____
4_____
15
30
45
45
S and 75 W
N and 15 E
N and 105 E
N and 120 W
5_____ 30 S and 120 E
 6_____ 45 N and 0
 7_____66 S and 60 W
 8._____75 N and 45 W
 9_____22.5 N and 75 E
 10_____64 N and 15
