✿Hormone crosses cell membrane through diffusion or facilitated transport.

✿Heat shock proteins, which chaperone the receptor, dissociate from the receptor upon hormone binding.

✿Hormone binds to the receptor in the cytoplasm, leading to conformational changes in the receptor.

✿Dimerization occurs when two hormone-bound receptors come together to form a functional complex.

✿The dimerized receptors, now activated, translocate from the cytoplasm to the nucleus.

✿Within the nucleus, the receptor complex binds to specific DNA sequences called hormone response elements (HREs) located in the promoter regions of target genes.

✿This binding initiates transcription of the target genes, facilitated by the recruitment of additional transcription factors and coactivators.

✿Transcription of the target genes results in the synthesis of mRNA, which is subsequently translated into proteins, ultimately mediating the cellular response to the hormone.

Spell: Hormone synthesis and action (Physiology)