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Urine Color & Transparency
Freshly voided urine is clear and pale to deep yellow, the more _____________ the urine, the __________ the color
concentrated
deeper
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Urine Color & Transparency
yellow pigment hemoglobin metabolite
urochrome
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Urine Odor
Fresh urine is __________, but develops an __________ odor as as _________ metabolize its ____ solutes
aromatic
ammonia
bacteria
urea
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pH
Slightly acidic with a pH around __
6
-
pH
True or false
Changes in body metabolism or diet may cause the pH of urine to vary from about 4.5 to 8.0
true
-
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of distilled water
Specific gravity
-
Urine is _____ plus ______ so a given volume has a greater _____ than the same volume of distilled ______
water
solutes
mass
water
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Chemical Composition
Urine is ____% water and ___% solutes
95
5
-
Chemical Composition
Derived from the normal breakdown of amino acids
Urea
-
Chemical Composition
End product of nucleic acid metabolism
uric acid
-
Chemical Composition
Metabolite of creatine phosphate
creatinine
-
Unusually high concentrations of any solute or the presence of abnormal substances like _______ __________, _____ or _____ __________ may indicate pathology
solute
plasma proteins
wbcs
bile pigments
-
Catheterization or any condition that _________ the normal flow of _____ increases the risk of developing an _____
obstructs
urine
UTI
-
UTI complications
Infection ascends to the kidney
Fever
Back pain
Other symptoms of systemic illness
pyelonephritis
-
UTI complications
Painful urination
Dysuria
-
A UTI is treated with __________
antibiotics
-
How UTI affects urine
color and transparency becomes ________
cloudy
-
How UTI affects urine
____________ odor develops quicker due to increase of bacteria that metabolize
ammonia
-
How UTI affects urine
increase in ___________
leukocytes
-
How UTI affects urine
causes urine to be ____________
alkaline
