Urine Color & Transparency
Freshly voided urine is clear and pale to deep yellow, the more _____________ the urine, the __________ the color
concentrated
deeper
Urine Color & Transparency
yellow pigment hemoglobin metabolite
urochrome
Urine Odor
Fresh urine is __________, but develops an __________ odor as as _________ metabolize its ____ solutes
aromatic
ammonia
bacteria
urea
pH
Slightly acidic with a pH around __
6
pH
True or false
Changes in body metabolism or diet may cause the pH of urine to vary from about 4.5 to 8.0
true
The ratio of the mass of a substance to the mass of an equal volume of distilled water
Specific gravity
Urine is _____ plus ______ so a given volume has a greater _____ than the same volume of distilled ______
water
solutes
mass
water
Chemical Composition
Urine is ____% water and ___% solutes
95
5
Chemical Composition
Derived from the normal breakdown of amino acids
Urea
Chemical Composition
End product of nucleic acid metabolism
uric acid
Chemical Composition
Metabolite of creatine phosphate
creatinine
Unusually high concentrations of any solute or the presence of abnormal substances like _______ __________, _____ or _____ __________ may indicate pathology
solute
plasma proteins
wbcs
bile pigments
Catheterization or any condition that _________ the normal flow of _____ increases the risk of developing an _____
obstructs
urine
UTI
UTI complications
Infection ascends to the kidney
Fever
Back pain
Other symptoms of systemic illness
pyelonephritis
UTI complications
Painful urination
Dysuria
A UTI is treated with __________
antibiotics
How UTI affects urine
color and transparency becomes ________
cloudy
How UTI affects urine
____________ odor develops quicker due to increase of bacteria that metabolize
ammonia
How UTI affects urine
increase in ___________
leukocytes
How UTI affects urine
causes urine to be ____________
alkaline