2024-12-04T19:42:41+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What are the structural features of the eye?</p>, <p>What is the eye in terms of shape alone?</p>, <p>What is the posterior segment of the eye?</p>, <p>What is the anterior segment of the eye?</p>, <p>What are characteristics of the lens of the eye?</p>, <p>What is cataracts?</p>, <p>What are the parts of the nervous (sensory) tunic, i.e. the retina?</p>, <p>What are the 3 layers of neurons in the inner neural layer of the retina?</p>, <p>Name the 3 layers of neurons in the inner neural layer of the retina?</p>, <p>What is the fovea centralis in the inner neural layer of the retina?</p>, <p>What is the optic disc in the inner neural layer of the retina?</p>, <p>What are the parts of the fibrous tunic?</p>, <p>What are the structural features of the ear?</p>, <p>What does the external ear do? What are the parts?</p>, <p>What does the middle ear do? What are the parts?</p>, <p>What are the parts of ear ossicles in the middle ear?</p>, <p>What does the inner ear (labyrinth) do? What are the parts?</p>, <p>What is the bony labyrinth in the inner ear?</p>, <p>What is the membranous labyrinth in the inner ear?</p>, <p>What are the parts of the membranous labyrinth in the inner ear?</p>, <p>What is the cochlea?</p>, <p>What are the 3 membranes of the cochlea?</p>, <p>What are the 3 channels each coil of the cochlea has?</p>, <p>What are the receptors in the inner ear?</p> flashcards
Unit 20 - Special Senses

Unit 20 - Special Senses

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  • What are the structural features of the eye?

    - fibrous tunic, vascular tunic, nervous (sensory) tunic (retina), lens, anterior segment, and posterior segment

  • What is the eye in terms of shape alone?

    —  3 layered sphere filled with fluid

  • What is the posterior segment of the eye?

    —  posterior to lens

    —  contains vitreous humor (gel-like)

  • What is the anterior segment of the eye?

    —  anterior to lens

    —  contains aqueous humor (fluid similar to plasma)

  • What are characteristics of the lens of the eye?

    —  avascular, transparent

  • What is cataracts?

    clouding of lens on the eye

  • What are the parts of the nervous (sensory) tunic, i.e. the retina?

    - outer pigmented layer

    - inner neural layer (3 layers of neurons)

    - fovea centralis

    - optic disc

  • What are the 3 layers of neurons in the inner neural layer of the retina?

    - Photoreceptors (2 types): Rods (black and white) and Cones (colour)

    - Bipolar Cells

    - Ganglion Cells: axons from optic nerve (= Cranial Nerve II)

  • Name the 3 layers of neurons in the inner neural layer of the retina?

    Name the 3 layers of neurons in the inner neural layer of the retina?

    - Bipolar Cells (pink in pic)

    - Ganglion Cells (white in pic)

  • What is the fovea centralis in the inner neural layer of the retina?

    —&nbsp; where light is focused—&nbsp; = area of greatest visual acuity—&nbsp; no rods, just cones

    —  where light is focused

    —  = area of greatest visual acuity

    —  no rods, just cones

  • What is the optic disc in the inner neural layer of the retina?

    —&nbsp; blind spot where blood vessels + optic nerve exit eye—&nbsp; no rods or cones

    —  blind spot where blood vessels + optic nerve exit eye

    —  no rods or cones

  • What are the parts of the fibrous tunic?

    - sclera (white): avascular connective tissue (CT)

    - cornea (transparent): avascular CT

    - conjunctiva (covers anterior sclera, vascular mucous membrane, when vessels dilate = bloodshot eyes)

  • What are the structural features of the ear?

    - external ear, middle ear, inner ear (labyrinth), cochlea, receptors in inner ear

    - external ear, middle ear, inner ear (labyrinth), cochlea, receptors in inner ear

  • What does the external ear do? What are the parts?

    - conducts sound

    - parts:

    auricle (pinna, elastic cartilage, covered with skin)

    external auditory canal (meatus)

    tympanic membrane (eardrum)

  • What does the middle ear do? What are the parts?

    - conducts sound

    - parts: Eustachian tube (also called pharyngotympanic tube) and ear ossicles

  • What are the parts of ear ossicles in the middle ear?

    - malleus (secured to tympanic membrane)

    - incus

    - stapes (transmits sound to inner ear via oval window)

  • What does the inner ear (labyrinth) do? What are the parts?

    - conducts sound

    - parts: bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth

  • What is the bony labyrinth in the inner ear?

    - tunnels in temporal bone (contain perilymph)

    - parts:

    - semicircular canals: equilibrium

    - vestibule: equilibrium

    - cochlea: hearing

  • What is the membranous labyrinth in the inner ear?

    —  surrounded and protected by bony labyrinth

    —  contains endolymph

  • What are the parts of the membranous labyrinth in the inner ear?

    parts:

    - semicircular duct (inside canals)

    - utricle and saccule (inside vestibule)

    - cochlear duct (inside cochlea)

  • What is the cochlea?

    - coiled (and each coil has 3 channels)- has 3 membranes

    - coiled (and each coil has 3 channels)

    - has 3 membranes

  • What are the 3 membranes of the cochlea?

    - vestibular membrane: between cochlear duct + scala vestibuli

    - basilar membrane: between cochlear duct + scala tympani

    - tectorial membrane: covers hair cells (= receptor cells)

  • What are the 3 channels each coil of the cochlea has?

    - scala vestibuli: upper; perilymph

    - scala tympani: lower; perilymph

    - cochlear duct: middle; endolymph

  • What are the receptors in the inner ear?

    - called hair cells that synapse with neurons (send impulses to brain via cranial nerve VIII)

    - hairs are cilia that extend into endolymph, the tips of cilia embedded in tectorial membrane (stability)