2023-11-27T16:43:37+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What is a T-tubule?</p>, <p>What are Ryanodine receptors?</p>, <p>What is troponin?</p>, <p>What is Tropomyosin?</p>, <p>What is Calmodulin?</p>, <p>Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) is activated by...?</p>, <p>Neurotransmitters are packaged in?</p>, <p>What do snare proteins do?</p>, <p>Types of snare proteins?</p>, <p>What does calcium do when it comes to snares?</p>, <p>How does the botulinum toxin effect snare proteins?</p>, <p>State key information about the Botulinum toxin (what bacteria create it? How many subunits? How is it destroyed?</p>, <p>What are some general differences between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?</p>, <p>How is the muscle organised?</p>, <p>Picture demonstrating the anatomy of a skeletal muscle fibre (cell)</p>, <p>The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores a lot of? And has many mi.....?</p>, <p>Picture outlining the series of events to cause contraction of muscle</p>, <p>Picture outlining the series of events to cause contraction of muscle via membrane depolarisation</p>, <p>What are the mechanisms of action of cardiac muscle vs skeletal muscle?</p>, <p>Troponin-C is associated with?</p>, <p>Troponin-T is associated with?</p>, <p>Thin filaments are made out of...?</p>, <p>Thick filaments are made out of...?</p>, <p>A picture displaying the myosin-actin 'romance'</p>, <p>Outline the general series/summary of contraction of skeletal and cardiac muscle</p>, <p>Outline the events of the Contractile cycle</p>, <p>Summary of the general events</p>, <p>Smooth muscle has....?</p>, <p>When calcium increases in smooth muscle cell it binds to calmodulin which leads to the activation of...?</p>, <p>A general summary:</p> flashcards
The Neuromuscular Junction - Skeletal Muscle Contraction (Pharmacology)

The Neuromuscular Junction - Skeletal Muscle Contraction (Pharmacology)

Customize
collection saved
Share
Long Term Learning Spaced Repetition
Add to Long Term Learning Desk
Fast learning Repeat this set of flashcards
Preview Test Spell
Play
Match
Review

  • What is a T-tubule?

    Structural system of membrane folds characteristic of skeletal and cardiac muscle

  • What are Ryanodine receptors?

    Calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

    Calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

  • What is troponin?

    Calcium sensor in skeletal and cardiac muscle

    Calcium sensor in skeletal and cardiac muscle

  • What is Tropomyosin?

    A protein associated with actin that prevents myosin binding

  • What is Calmodulin?

    Calcium sensor in smooth muscle cells

    Calcium sensor in smooth muscle cells

  • Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) is activated by...?

    Activated by calcium-calmodulin that converts smooth muscle myosin to a more active form.

  • Neurotransmitters are packaged in?

    Synaptic vesicles

  • What do snare proteins do?

    The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate the fusion of vesicles with the target membrane; this notably mediates exocytosis, but can also mediate the fusion of vesicles with membrane-bound compartments (such as a lysosome).

    The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate the fusion of vesicles with the target membrane; this notably mediates exocytosis, but can also mediate the fusion of vesicles with membrane-bound compartments (such as a lysosome).

  • Types of snare proteins?

    V-snares:in our vesicles (Vesicle-associated membrane protein, VAMP or synaptobrevin0

    T-snares:in our membranes

  • What does calcium do when it comes to snares?

    Calcium causes c-snares and t-snares to bind together, creating a SNARE pin

    Calcium causes c-snares and t-snares to bind together, creating a SNARE pin

  • How does the botulinum toxin effect snare proteins?

    1-Binds to a glycoprotein TO CHOLINERGIC NEURONES allowing toxin entry2-produces cellular effects (in picture)

    1-Binds to a glycoprotein TO CHOLINERGIC NEURONES allowing toxin entry

    2-produces cellular effects (in picture)

  • State key information about the Botulinum toxin (what bacteria create it? How many subunits? How is it destroyed?

    1-Clostridium botulinum2-two subunits3-destroyed by heating &gt;85 degrees C for longer than 5 minutes

    1-Clostridium botulinum

    2-two subunits

    3-destroyed by heating >85 degrees C for longer than 5 minutes

  • What are some general differences between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

    skeletal:

    straight and uniform

    many nuclei

    cardiac:

    branched

    less nuclei

  • How is the muscle organised?

  • Picture demonstrating the anatomy of a skeletal muscle fibre (cell)

  • The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores a lot of? And has many mi.....?

    1-calcium

    2-mitochondria

  • Picture outlining the series of events to cause contraction of muscle

  • Picture outlining the series of events to cause contraction of muscle via membrane depolarisation

    DHP-Dihydropyridine

    DHP-Dihydropyridine

  • What are the mechanisms of action of cardiac muscle vs skeletal muscle?

    Skeletal:-Physical interaction between DHP and RyR (Ryanodine receptors)Cardiac:-Opening calcium channel promotes CICR (Calcium-induced calcium release)

    Skeletal:

    -Physical interaction between DHP and RyR (Ryanodine receptors)

    Cardiac:

    -Opening calcium channel promotes CICR (Calcium-induced calcium release)

  • Troponin-C is associated with?

    Calcium binding

  • Troponin-T is associated with?

    Tropomyosin binding

  • Thin filaments are made out of...?

    Actin

  • Thick filaments are made out of...?

    Myosin

  • A picture displaying the myosin-actin 'romance'

  • Outline the general series/summary of contraction of skeletal and cardiac muscle

    1)Increased [Ca2+] binds to Troponin-C

    2)Removal of suppressive tropomyosin

    3)Allows actin to interact with 'primed' myosin

    4)ATP-dependent cross bridge cycling

    5)Each myosin head cycles about 5x per sec

    6)~15microm s-1

  • Outline the events of the Contractile cycle

  • Summary of the general events

  • Smooth muscle has....?

    -No troponin

    -Tropomyosin does not interact with the myosin binding sites

    -Myosin in smooth muscle is a different isoform than the skeletal muscle (MHY11 vs MYH1)

    -Lower ATPase activity

    -Lower affinity for ATP

  • When calcium increases in smooth muscle cell it binds to calmodulin which leads to the activation of...?

    -Activation of Myosin Light chain kinase phosphorylates regulatory MLC at ser 19-Increases the ATPase activity of the myosin head ~1000x-Alters the structure of myosin

    -Activation of Myosin Light chain kinase phosphorylates regulatory MLC at ser 19

    -Increases the ATPase activity of the myosin head ~1000x

    -Alters the structure of myosin

  • A general summary: