2023-11-27T16:43:37+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>What is a T-tubule?</p>, <p>What are Ryanodine receptors?</p>, <p>What is troponin?</p>, <p>What is Tropomyosin?</p>, <p>What is Calmodulin?</p>, <p>Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) is activated by...?</p>, <p>Neurotransmitters are packaged in?</p>, <p>What do snare proteins do?</p>, <p>Types of snare proteins?</p>, <p>What does calcium do when it comes to snares?</p>, <p>How does the botulinum toxin effect snare proteins?</p>, <p>State key information about the Botulinum toxin (what bacteria create it? How many subunits? How is it destroyed?</p>, <p>What are some general differences between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?</p>, <p>How is the muscle organised?</p>, <p>Picture demonstrating the anatomy of a skeletal muscle fibre (cell)</p>, <p>The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores a lot of? And has many mi.....?</p>, <p>Picture outlining the series of events to cause contraction of muscle</p>, <p>Picture outlining the series of events to cause contraction of muscle via membrane depolarisation</p>, <p>What are the mechanisms of action of cardiac muscle vs skeletal muscle?</p>, <p>Troponin-C is associated with?</p>, <p>Troponin-T is associated with?</p>, <p>Thin filaments are made out of...?</p>, <p>Thick filaments are made out of...?</p>, <p>A picture displaying the myosin-actin 'romance'</p>, <p>Outline the general series/summary of contraction of skeletal and cardiac muscle</p>, <p>Outline the events of the Contractile cycle</p>, <p>Summary of the general events</p>, <p>Smooth muscle has....?</p>, <p>When calcium increases in smooth muscle cell it binds to calmodulin which leads to the activation of...?</p>, <p>A general summary:</p> flashcards
The Neuromuscular Junction - Skeletal Muscle Contraction (Pharmacology)

The Neuromuscular Junction - Skeletal Muscle Contraction (Pharmacology)

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  • What is a T-tubule?

    Structural system of membrane folds characteristic of skeletal and cardiac muscle

  • What are Ryanodine receptors?

    Calcium release channels in the sarcoplasmic reticulum

  • What is troponin?

    Calcium sensor in skeletal and cardiac muscle

  • What is Tropomyosin?

    A protein associated with actin that prevents myosin binding

  • What is Calmodulin?

    Calcium sensor in smooth muscle cells

  • Myosin Light Chain Kinase (MLCK) is activated by...?

    Activated by calcium-calmodulin that converts smooth muscle myosin to a more active form.

  • Neurotransmitters are packaged in?

    Synaptic vesicles

  • What do snare proteins do?

    The primary role of SNARE proteins is to mediate the fusion of vesicles with the target membrane; this notably mediates exocytosis, but can also mediate the fusion of vesicles with membrane-bound compartments (such as a lysosome).

  • Types of snare proteins?

    V-snares:in our vesicles (Vesicle-associated membrane protein, VAMP or synaptobrevin0

    T-snares:in our membranes

  • What does calcium do when it comes to snares?

    Calcium causes c-snares and t-snares to bind together, creating a SNARE pin

    Calcium causes c-snares and t-snares to bind together, creating a SNARE pin

  • How does the botulinum toxin effect snare proteins?

    1-Binds to a glycoprotein TO CHOLINERGIC NEURONES allowing toxin entry2-produces cellular effects (in picture)

    1-Binds to a glycoprotein TO CHOLINERGIC NEURONES allowing toxin entry

    2-produces cellular effects (in picture)

  • State key information about the Botulinum toxin (what bacteria create it? How many subunits? How is it destroyed?

    1-Clostridium botulinum

    2-two subunits

    3-destroyed by heating >85 degrees C for longer than 5 minutes

  • What are some general differences between skeletal muscle and cardiac muscle?

    skeletal:

    straight and uniform

    many nuclei

    cardiac:

    branched

    less nuclei

  • How is the muscle organised?

  • Picture demonstrating the anatomy of a skeletal muscle fibre (cell)

  • The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores a lot of? And has many mi.....?

    1-calcium

    2-mitochondria

  • Picture outlining the series of events to cause contraction of muscle

  • Picture outlining the series of events to cause contraction of muscle via membrane depolarisation

    DHP-Dihydropyridine

    DHP-Dihydropyridine

  • What are the mechanisms of action of cardiac muscle vs skeletal muscle?

    Skeletal:-Physical interaction between DHP and RyR (Ryanodine receptors)Cardiac:-Opening calcium channel promotes CICR (Calcium-induced calcium release)

    Skeletal:

    -Physical interaction between DHP and RyR (Ryanodine receptors)

    Cardiac:

    -Opening calcium channel promotes CICR (Calcium-induced calcium release)

  • Troponin-C is associated with?

    Calcium binding

  • Troponin-T is associated with?

    Tropomyosin binding

  • Thin filaments are made out of...?

    Actin

  • Thick filaments are made out of...?

    Myosin

  • A picture displaying the myosin-actin 'romance'

  • Outline the general series/summary of contraction of skeletal and cardiac muscle

    1)Increased [Ca2+] binds to Troponin-C

    2)Removal of suppressive tropomyosin

    3)Allows actin to interact with 'primed' myosin

    4)ATP-dependent cross bridge cycling

    5)Each myosin head cycles about 5x per sec

    6)~15microm s-1

  • Outline the events of the Contractile cycle

  • Summary of the general events

  • Smooth muscle has....?

    -No troponin

    -Tropomyosin does not interact with the myosin binding sites

    -Myosin in smooth muscle is a different isoform than the skeletal muscle (MHY11 vs MYH1)

    -Lower ATPase activity

    -Lower affinity for ATP

  • When calcium increases in smooth muscle cell it binds to calmodulin which leads to the activation of...?

    -Activation of Myosin Light chain kinase phosphorylates regulatory MLC at ser 19-Increases the ATPase activity of the myosin head ~1000x-Alters the structure of myosin

    -Activation of Myosin Light chain kinase phosphorylates regulatory MLC at ser 19

    -Increases the ATPase activity of the myosin head ~1000x

    -Alters the structure of myosin

  • A general summary: