2021-12-30T20:36:25+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>DNA REGION IN PROKARYOTES</p>, <p>SITE OF RIBOSOMAL RNA SYNTHESIS</p><p>IT HAS NO MEMBRANE</p>, <p>COLLECT AND BREAK DOWN MATERIAL.</p>, <p>ACCEPT mRNA TO MAKE PROTEINS</p><p>BOUND RIBOSOMES</p>, <p>DETOXIFY AND SYNTHESIZE LIPIDS; LACKS RIBOSOMES</p>, <p>MODIFY PRODUCTS IN ER, DISTRIBUTE PROTEINS; FOUND ONLY IN EUKARYOTES. </p>, <p>PULL CHROMOSOMES APART</p>, <p>MEMBRANOUS SAC OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES THAT CAN DIGEST MACROMOLECULES; CONTAINS A SINGLE MEMBRANE</p>, <p>FOUND IN PROKARYOTES AND BACTERIA</p>, <p>SITE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION</p>, <p>FLATTENED MEMBRANOUS SACS IN GOLGI APPARATUS</p>, <p>BIOSYNTHETHIC FACTORY OF THE CELL </p>, <p>MADE UP OF COMPLEXES OF RIBOSOMAL RNA AND PROTEIN</p>, <p>REGULATES PROTEIN TRAFFIC AND PERFORMS METABOLIC FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL</p>, <p>LARGE VESICLES DERIVED FROM ER AND GOLGI APPARATUS.</p>, <p>FOUND IN CELL WALL OF PLANTS AND ALGAE</p>, <p>INFORMATION CENTER OF THE CELL</p><p>CONTAINS MOST OF CELL'S GENES</p>, <p>ENCLOSES THE NUCLEUS, SEPARATING IT FROM THE CYTOPLASM</p>, <p>ANUCELATED AND MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES</p>, <p>CONTAIN MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES</p>, <p>REGULATE ENTRY AND EXIT OF MOLECULES FROM THE NUCLEUS</p>, <p>A SELECTIVE BARRIER THAT ALLOWS SUFFICIENT PASSAGE OF OXYGEN, NUTRIENTS AND WASTE/</p>, <p>PROTEIN COAT IN VIRUSES</p>, <p>PROCESS WHEREIN LYSOSOMES RECYCLE ORGANELLES AND MACROMOLECULES USIGN ENZYMES</p>, <p>ENGULFMENT OR CELL EATING ANOTHER CELL</p>, <p>MEMBRANOUS SACS FOUND IN CHLOROPLASTS</p>, <p>INTERNAL FLUID IN CHLOROPLASTS</p>, <p>MEMBRANOUS FOLDS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA</p><p>LARGE SURFACE AREA FOR ENZYMES THAT SYNTHESIZE ATP</p>, <p>NETWORK OF FIBERS THAT ORGANIZES STRUCTURES AND ACTIVITIES IN THE CELL</p>, <p>COMPONENTS OF THE CYTOSKELETON</p>, <p>HOLLOW RODS CONSTRUCTED FROM TUBULIN</p><p>THICKEST COMPONENT OF THE CYTOSKELETON</p><p>CHROMOSOME MOVEMENTS IN CELL DIVISION</p>, <p>THINNEST COMPONENT OF THE CYTOSKELETON</p><p>FUNCTIONS MAINLY IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION, CELL MOTILITY, AND CYTOPLASMIC STREAMING IN PLANTS AND CELL DIVISION IN ANIMALS</p>, <p>GLOBULAR PROTEIN DIMERS IN MICROTUBULES</p>, <p>MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER</p><p>ASSEMBLY OF SPINDLE MICROTUBULES IN ANIMAL CELLS</p><p>REPLICATES DURING INTERPHASE</p>, <p>ANCHORS THE CILIUM OR FLAGELLUM </p>, <p>MOTOR PROTEIN WHICH DRIVES THE BENDING MOVEMENTS OF A CILIUM OR FLAGELLUM</p>, <p>MULTIPLE LAYERS OF PLANT CELL WALLS</p>, <p>THIN AND FLEXIBLE LAYER OF THE PLANT CELL WALL</p>, <p>THIN LAYER BETWEEN PRIMARY WALLS OF ADJACENT CELLS IN PLANTS</p>, <p>BACTERIOPHAGE LIFE CYCLE WHERE A VIRUS INTEGRATES INTO GENOME AS PROVIRUS OR PROPHAGE</p>, <p>CHANNELS BETWEEN ADJACENT PLANT CELLS</p>, <p>LACK CELL WALLS BUT ARE COVERED BY AN ELABORATE EXTRACELLLULAR MATRIX (ECM)</p>, <p>BACTERIA WITH THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN AND THIN PEPTIDOGLYCAN RESPECTIVELY</p>, <p>RECEPTOR PROTEINS IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF ANIMAL CELLS</p><p>BOUND TO ECM PROTEINS </p>, <p>FUNGI CELL WALL</p>, <p>THESE INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS FACILITATE IN ADHESION, INTERACTION, AND COMMUNICATION OF NEIGBORING CELLS IN AN ANIMAL OR PLANT THROUGH DIRECT PHYSICAL CONTACT.</p>, <p>RESTING PHASE OF CELL CYCLE</p>, <p>PHASE WHEREIN DIVISION OF GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE NUCLEUS</p>, <p>PHASES OF CELL CYCLE</p>, <p>PHASES OF MITOSIS (PPMAT)</p>, <p>CELL DIVISION THAT YIELDS NONIDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS THAT HAVE ONE SET OF CHROMOSOMES</p><p>GAMETES ARE PRODUCED BY A VARIATION OF THIS KIND OF CELL DIVISION</p>, <p>NONREPRODUCTIVE CELLS THAT HAVE TWO SETS OF CHROMOSOMES</p>, <p>REPRODUCTIVE CELLS THAT HAVE ONE SET OF CHROMOSOMES COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS</p>, <p>SEPARATED CHROMATIDS ARE CALLED</p>, <p>STRUCTURE MADE OF MICROTUBULES AND PROTEINS THAT CONTROLS CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT DURING MITOSIS</p>, <p>MIGRATION OF TWO CENTROSOMES IN OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL HAPPEN DURING </p>, <p>MITOTIC SPINDLE INCLUDES STRUCTURES</p>, <p>RADIAL ARRAY OF SHORT MICROTUBULES THAT EXTEND ROM EACH CHROMOSOME</p>, <p>ATTACHMENT OF SPINDLE MICROTUBULES TO KINETOCHORES</p>, <p>PROTEIN COMPLEXES THAT ASSEMBLE ON SECTIONS OF DNA AT CENTROMERES</p>, <p>IMAGINARY STRUCTURE AT THE MIDWAY POINT BETWEEN THE SPINDLE'S TWO POLES</p>, <p>IN THIS PHASE, SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE AND MOVE ALONG THE KINETOCHORE MICROTUBULES TOWARD OPPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL</p>, <p>BEGINS DURING ANAPHASE OR TELOPHASE</p><p>SPINDLE EVENTUALLY DISASSEMBLES</p>, <p>IN PLANT CELLS, A CELL PLATE FORMS DURING CYTOKINESIS WHILE IN ANIMAL CELLS IT OCCURS BY A PROCESS KNOWN AS </p>, <p>TWO CHROMOSMES IN EACH PAIR ARE CALLED</p>, <p>DETERMINES THE SEX OF THE INDIVIDUAL </p>, <p>UNITS OF HEREDITY AND ARE MADE OF SEGMENTS OF DNA</p>, <p>ORDERED DISPLAY OF THE PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES</p>, <p>NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN A SOMATIC CELL</p>, <p>A CELL WITH <u>TWO SETS</u> OF CHROMOSOMES IS CALLED</p>, <p>UNION OF GAMETES</p>, <p>HAPLOID NUMBER (<u>SINGLE SET</u>) OF CHROMOSOMES IN GAMETES</p>, <p>FERTILIZED EGG</p>, <p>NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS IN A <strong>GAMETE (SEX) CELL DIVISION</strong></p><p>THIS IS DUE TO THE REDUCTION OF CHROMOSOME SETS BY MEIOSIS FROM DIPLOID TO HAPLOID</p>, <p>NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS IN A <strong>SOMATIC CELL DIVISION</strong></p>, <p>THIS TYPE OF MEIOSIS SEPARATES <u>HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME</u>S</p>, <p>THIS TYPE OF MEIOSIS SEPARATES <u>SISTER CHROMATIDS</u></p>, <p><u>HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES</u> LOOSELY PAIR UP AND ALIGNED GENE BY GENE AND NONSISTER CHROMATIDS EXCHANGE DNA SEGMENTS IN THIS PHASE</p>, <p>HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES LOOSELY PAIR UP IN THIS PROCESS</p>, <p>ALIGNMENT GENE BY GENE AND NONSISTER CHROMATIDS EXCHANGE DNA SEGMENTS OCCUR IN THIS PROCESS</p>, <p>X SHAPED REGIONS IN EACH HOMOLOGOUS PAIR</p><p>IT EXIST AT POINTS WHERE CROSSING OVER HAS OCCURRED</p>, <p>SPINDLE APPARATUS FORMS IN THIS PHASE</p><p>CHROMOSOMES <strong>MOVE TOWARD</strong> THE METAPAHASE PLATE</p>, <p>SISTER CHROMATIDS ARE <strong>ARRANGED </strong>AT THE METAPHASE PLATE AND</p><p>KINETOCHORES ATTACH TO MICROTUBULES EXTENDING FROM OPPOSITE POLES IN THIS PHASE</p>, <p>TETRADS LINE UP AT THE METAPHASE PLATE IN THIS PHASE</p>, <p><u>SISTER CHROMATIDS</u> SEPARATE IN THIS PHASE</p>, <p>PAIRS OF <u>HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES</u> SEPARATE IN THIS PHASE</p>, <p>CHROMOSOMES ARRIVE AT OPPOSITE POLES</p><p>CHROMOSOMES BEGIN DECONDENSING</p>, <p>NO CHROMOSOME REPLICATION OCCUR BETWEEN THE END OF MEIOSIS I AND BEGINNING OF MEIOSSIS II BECAUSE</p>, <p>PLANT PATHOGENS</p>, <p>NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS AT THE END OF MEIOSIS</p>, <p>THEORY ON WHICH AN EARLY ANCESTOR OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS ENGULFED A NONPHOTOSYNTHETHICH PROKARYORIC CELL WHICH FORMED AN ENDOSYMBIONT RELATIONSHIP WITH ITS HOST-MERGED INTO A SINGLE ORGANISM: A EUKARYOTIC CELL WITH A MITOCHONDRION.</p>, <p>TWO KINDS OF PATHWAY IN THE CELL WALL OF PLANTS</p>, <p>OCCURS DURING INTERPHASE BEFORE MITOSIS/MEIOSIS I BEGINS</p>, <p>THIS DIVISION OCCURS IN MEIOSIS I BECAUSE IT HALVES THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOME SETS PER CELL FROM DIPLOID (2n) TO HAPLOID (n)</p>, <p>THIS DIVISION OCCURS IN MEIOSIS II BECAUSE IHAPLOID CELLS DIVIDE TO PRODUCE HAPLOID DAUGHTER CELLS</p>, <p>INFECTIOUS PROTEINS THAT TRIGGER MISFOLDING</p>, <p>THIS PROCESS OCCURS WHEN GERM LAYERS DEVELOP A NERVOUS SYSTEM</p>, <p>ALL PROKARYOTES DIVIDE BY</p>, <p>CLASSIFICATIONS OF BACTERIA (SHAPE)</p><p>SPHERICAL -</p><p>ROD SHAPED -</p><p>SPIRAL SHAPED -</p>, <p>BACTERIA VIRUS</p> flashcards
THE CELL

THE CELL

  • DNA REGION IN PROKARYOTES

    NUCLEOID REGION

  • SITE OF RIBOSOMAL RNA SYNTHESIS

    IT HAS NO MEMBRANE

    NUCLEOLUS

  • COLLECT AND BREAK DOWN MATERIAL.

    PEROXISOMES (OXIDATIVE ORGANELLES)

  • ACCEPT mRNA TO MAKE PROTEINS

    BOUND RIBOSOMES

    ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM (SMALLEST ORGANELLE)

  • DETOXIFY AND SYNTHESIZE LIPIDS; LACKS RIBOSOMES

    SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULIM

  • MODIFY PRODUCTS IN ER, DISTRIBUTE PROTEINS; FOUND ONLY IN EUKARYOTES.

    GOLGI APPARATUS/BODIES (SHIPPING AND RECEIVING CENTER OF THE CELL)

  • PULL CHROMOSOMES APART

    CENTRIOLES

  • MEMBRANOUS SAC OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES THAT CAN DIGEST MACROMOLECULES; CONTAINS A SINGLE MEMBRANE

    LYSOSOMES (DEMOLISHING AND RECYCLING CENTER OF THE CELL)

  • FOUND IN PROKARYOTES AND BACTERIA

    PLASMIDS

  • SITE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

    MITOCHONDRIA (POWERHOUSE OF THE CELL)

  • FLATTENED MEMBRANOUS SACS IN GOLGI APPARATUS

    CISTERNAE

  • BIOSYNTHETHIC FACTORY OF THE CELL

    ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM

  • MADE UP OF COMPLEXES OF RIBOSOMAL RNA AND PROTEIN

    RIBOSOMES

  • REGULATES PROTEIN TRAFFIC AND PERFORMS METABOLIC FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL

    ENDOMEMBRANE SYSTEM

  • LARGE VESICLES DERIVED FROM ER AND GOLGI APPARATUS.

    VACUOLES

  • FOUND IN CELL WALL OF PLANTS AND ALGAE

    CHLOROPLASTS (SITE OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS)

  • INFORMATION CENTER OF THE CELL

    CONTAINS MOST OF CELL'S GENES

    NUCLEUS (MOST CONSPICUOUS ORGANELLE)

  • ENCLOSES THE NUCLEUS, SEPARATING IT FROM THE CYTOPLASM

    NUCLEAR ENVELOPE

  • ANUCELATED AND MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES

    PROKARYOTIC CELL

  • CONTAIN MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES

    EUKARYOTIC CELL

  • REGULATE ENTRY AND EXIT OF MOLECULES FROM THE NUCLEUS

    PORES

  • A SELECTIVE BARRIER THAT ALLOWS SUFFICIENT PASSAGE OF OXYGEN, NUTRIENTS AND WASTE/

    PLASMA MEMBRANE

  • PROTEIN COAT IN VIRUSES

    CAPSIDS

  • PROCESS WHEREIN LYSOSOMES RECYCLE ORGANELLES AND MACROMOLECULES USIGN ENZYMES

    AUTOPHAGY

  • ENGULFMENT OR CELL EATING ANOTHER CELL

    PHAGOCYTOSIS

  • MEMBRANOUS SACS FOUND IN CHLOROPLASTS

    THYLAKOIDS

  • INTERNAL FLUID IN CHLOROPLASTS

    STROMA

  • MEMBRANOUS FOLDS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA

    LARGE SURFACE AREA FOR ENZYMES THAT SYNTHESIZE ATP

    CRISTAE

  • NETWORK OF FIBERS THAT ORGANIZES STRUCTURES AND ACTIVITIES IN THE CELL

    CYTOSKELETON

  • COMPONENTS OF THE CYTOSKELETON

    MICROTUBULES (25 nm), MICROFILAMENTS (7 nm), INTERMEDIATE FILAMENTS (8-12 nm)

  • HOLLOW RODS CONSTRUCTED FROM TUBULIN

    THICKEST COMPONENT OF THE CYTOSKELETON

    CHROMOSOME MOVEMENTS IN CELL DIVISION

    MICROTUBULES (25 nm) or TUBULIN POLYMERS

  • THINNEST COMPONENT OF THE CYTOSKELETON

    FUNCTIONS MAINLY IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION, CELL MOTILITY, AND CYTOPLASMIC STREAMING IN PLANTS AND CELL DIVISION IN ANIMALS

    MICROFILAMENTS (7 nm) or ACTIN FILAMENTS

  • GLOBULAR PROTEIN DIMERS IN MICROTUBULES

    TUBULIN

  • MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER

    ASSEMBLY OF SPINDLE MICROTUBULES IN ANIMAL CELLS

    REPLICATES DURING INTERPHASE

    CENTROSOME

  • ANCHORS THE CILIUM OR FLAGELLUM

    BASAL BODY

  • MOTOR PROTEIN WHICH DRIVES THE BENDING MOVEMENTS OF A CILIUM OR FLAGELLUM

    DYNEIN

  • MULTIPLE LAYERS OF PLANT CELL WALLS

    PRIMARY CELL WALL, MIDDLE LAMELLA, AND SECONDARY CELL WALL (IN SOME)

  • THIN AND FLEXIBLE LAYER OF THE PLANT CELL WALL

    PRIMARY

  • THIN LAYER BETWEEN PRIMARY WALLS OF ADJACENT CELLS IN PLANTS

    MIDDLE LAMELLA

  • BACTERIOPHAGE LIFE CYCLE WHERE A VIRUS INTEGRATES INTO GENOME AS PROVIRUS OR PROPHAGE

    LYSOGENIC

  • CHANNELS BETWEEN ADJACENT PLANT CELLS

    PLASMODESMATA

  • LACK CELL WALLS BUT ARE COVERED BY AN ELABORATE EXTRACELLLULAR MATRIX (ECM)

    ANIMAL CELLS

  • BACTERIA WITH THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN AND THIN PEPTIDOGLYCAN RESPECTIVELY

    GRAM POSITIVE BACTERIA (PURPLE);

    GRAM NEGATIVE BACTERIA (PINK)

  • RECEPTOR PROTEINS IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF ANIMAL CELLS

    BOUND TO ECM PROTEINS

    INTEGRINS

  • FUNGI CELL WALL

    CHITIN

  • THESE INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS FACILITATE IN ADHESION, INTERACTION, AND COMMUNICATION OF NEIGBORING CELLS IN AN ANIMAL OR PLANT THROUGH DIRECT PHYSICAL CONTACT.

    PLASMODESMATA, TIGHT JUNCTIONS, DESMOSOMES, AND GAP JUNCTIONS

  • RESTING PHASE OF CELL CYCLE

    G0

  • PHASE WHEREIN DIVISION OF GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE NUCLEUS

    MITOSIS

  • PHASES OF CELL CYCLE

    MITOTIC (M) PHASE (includes mitosis and cytokinesis)

    INTERPHASE (G1, S PHASE, G2 PHASE)

  • PHASES OF MITOSIS (PPMAT)

    PROPHASE, PROMETAPHASE, METAPHASE, ANAPHASE, TELOPHASE

  • CELL DIVISION THAT YIELDS NONIDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS THAT HAVE ONE SET OF CHROMOSOMES

    GAMETES ARE PRODUCED BY A VARIATION OF THIS KIND OF CELL DIVISION

    MEIOSIS

  • NONREPRODUCTIVE CELLS THAT HAVE TWO SETS OF CHROMOSOMES

    SOMATIC CELLS

  • REPRODUCTIVE CELLS THAT HAVE ONE SET OF CHROMOSOMES COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS

    GAMETES (SPERM AND EGG CELLS)

  • SEPARATED CHROMATIDS ARE CALLED

    CHROMOSOMES

  • STRUCTURE MADE OF MICROTUBULES AND PROTEINS THAT CONTROLS CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT DURING MITOSIS

    MITOTIC SPINDLE

  • MIGRATION OF TWO CENTROSOMES IN OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL HAPPEN DURING

    PROPHASE AND PROMETAPHASE

  • MITOTIC SPINDLE INCLUDES STRUCTURES

    ASTER, CENTROSOME, SPINDLE MICROTUBULES

  • RADIAL ARRAY OF SHORT MICROTUBULES THAT EXTEND ROM EACH CHROMOSOME

    ASTER

  • ATTACHMENT OF SPINDLE MICROTUBULES TO KINETOCHORES

    PROMETAPHASE

  • PROTEIN COMPLEXES THAT ASSEMBLE ON SECTIONS OF DNA AT CENTROMERES

    KINETOCHORES

  • IMAGINARY STRUCTURE AT THE MIDWAY POINT BETWEEN THE SPINDLE'S TWO POLES

    METAPHASE PLATE

  • IN THIS PHASE, SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE AND MOVE ALONG THE KINETOCHORE MICROTUBULES TOWARD OPPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL

    ANAPHASE

  • BEGINS DURING ANAPHASE OR TELOPHASE

    SPINDLE EVENTUALLY DISASSEMBLES

    CYTOKINESIS

  • IN PLANT CELLS, A CELL PLATE FORMS DURING CYTOKINESIS WHILE IN ANIMAL CELLS IT OCCURS BY A PROCESS KNOWN AS

    CLEAVAGE (CLEAVAGE FURROW IS FORMED)

  • TWO CHROMOSMES IN EACH PAIR ARE CALLED

    HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME OR HOMOLOGS

  • DETERMINES THE SEX OF THE INDIVIDUAL

    X and Y chromosomes

  • UNITS OF HEREDITY AND ARE MADE OF SEGMENTS OF DNA

    GENES

  • ORDERED DISPLAY OF THE PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES

    KARYOTYPE

  • NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN A SOMATIC CELL

    46 CHROMOSOMES (2 SETS OF 23)

  • A CELL WITH TWO SETS OF CHROMOSOMES IS CALLED

    DIPLOID CELL (2n)

  • UNION OF GAMETES

    FERTILIZATION

  • HAPLOID NUMBER (SINGLE SET) OF CHROMOSOMES IN GAMETES

    23 CHROMOSOMES

  • FERTILIZED EGG

    ZYGOTE

  • NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS IN A GAMETE (SEX) CELL DIVISION

    THIS IS DUE TO THE REDUCTION OF CHROMOSOME SETS BY MEIOSIS FROM DIPLOID TO HAPLOID

    4 DAUGHTER CELLS

  • NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS IN A SOMATIC CELL DIVISION

    2 DAUGHTER CELLS

  • THIS TYPE OF MEIOSIS SEPARATES HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

    MEIOSIS I

  • THIS TYPE OF MEIOSIS SEPARATES SISTER CHROMATIDS

    MEIOSIS II

  • HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES LOOSELY PAIR UP AND ALIGNED GENE BY GENE AND NONSISTER CHROMATIDS EXCHANGE DNA SEGMENTS IN THIS PHASE

    PROPHASE I

  • HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES LOOSELY PAIR UP IN THIS PROCESS

    SYNAPSIS

  • ALIGNMENT GENE BY GENE AND NONSISTER CHROMATIDS EXCHANGE DNA SEGMENTS OCCUR IN THIS PROCESS

    CROSSING OVER

  • X SHAPED REGIONS IN EACH HOMOLOGOUS PAIR

    IT EXIST AT POINTS WHERE CROSSING OVER HAS OCCURRED

    CHIASMATA

  • SPINDLE APPARATUS FORMS IN THIS PHASE

    CHROMOSOMES MOVE TOWARD THE METAPAHASE PLATE

    PROPHASE II

  • SISTER CHROMATIDS ARE ARRANGED AT THE METAPHASE PLATE AND

    KINETOCHORES ATTACH TO MICROTUBULES EXTENDING FROM OPPOSITE POLES IN THIS PHASE

    METAPHASE II

  • TETRADS LINE UP AT THE METAPHASE PLATE IN THIS PHASE

    METAPHASE I

  • SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE IN THIS PHASE

    ANAPHASE II

  • PAIRS OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES SEPARATE IN THIS PHASE

    ANAPHASE I

  • CHROMOSOMES ARRIVE AT OPPOSITE POLES

    CHROMOSOMES BEGIN DECONDENSING

    TELOPHASE II

  • NO CHROMOSOME REPLICATION OCCUR BETWEEN THE END OF MEIOSIS I AND BEGINNING OF MEIOSSIS II BECAUSE

    CHROMOSOMES ARE ALREADY REPLICATED (SPECIFICALLY IN MEIOSIS I: DIPLOID (2n) to HAPLOID (n) daughter cells)

  • PLANT PATHOGENS

    VIROID

  • NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS AT THE END OF MEIOSIS

    4 DAUGHTER CELLS

  • THEORY ON WHICH AN EARLY ANCESTOR OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS ENGULFED A NONPHOTOSYNTHETHICH PROKARYORIC CELL WHICH FORMED AN ENDOSYMBIONT RELATIONSHIP WITH ITS HOST-MERGED INTO A SINGLE ORGANISM: A EUKARYOTIC CELL WITH A MITOCHONDRION.

    ENDOSYMBIONT THEORY

  • TWO KINDS OF PATHWAY IN THE CELL WALL OF PLANTS

    APOPLASTIC PATHWAY (THROUGH THE CELL WALL)

    SYMPLASTIC PATHWAY (THROUGH THE CYTOPLASM)

  • OCCURS DURING INTERPHASE BEFORE MITOSIS/MEIOSIS I BEGINS

    DNA REPLICATION

  • THIS DIVISION OCCURS IN MEIOSIS I BECAUSE IT HALVES THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOME SETS PER CELL FROM DIPLOID (2n) TO HAPLOID (n)

    REDUCTIONAL DIVISION

  • THIS DIVISION OCCURS IN MEIOSIS II BECAUSE IHAPLOID CELLS DIVIDE TO PRODUCE HAPLOID DAUGHTER CELLS

    EQUATIONAL DIVISION

  • INFECTIOUS PROTEINS THAT TRIGGER MISFOLDING

    PRIONS

  • THIS PROCESS OCCURS WHEN GERM LAYERS DEVELOP A NERVOUS SYSTEM

    NEURULATION

  • ALL PROKARYOTES DIVIDE BY

    BINARY FISSION

  • CLASSIFICATIONS OF BACTERIA (SHAPE)

    SPHERICAL -

    ROD SHAPED -

    SPIRAL SHAPED -

    COCCI (Staphylococcus aureus)

    BACILLI (Escherichia coli )

    SPIRILLA (Helicobacter pylori) or SPIROCHETES (Treponema pallidum)

  • BACTERIA VIRUS

    BACTERIOPHAGE