Flashcards: THE CELL

DNA REGION IN PROKARYOTES

SITE OF RIBOSOMAL RNA SYNTHESIS

IT HAS NO MEMBRANE

COLLECT AND BREAK DOWN MATERIAL.

ACCEPT mRNA TO MAKE PROTEINS

BOUND RIBOSOMES

DETOXIFY AND SYNTHESIZE LIPIDS; LACKS RIBOSOMES

MODIFY PRODUCTS IN ER, DISTRIBUTE PROTEINS; FOUND ONLY IN EUKARYOTES.

PULL CHROMOSOMES APART

MEMBRANOUS SAC OF HYDROLYTIC ENZYMES THAT CAN DIGEST MACROMOLECULES; CONTAINS A SINGLE MEMBRANE

FOUND IN PROKARYOTES AND BACTERIA

SITE OF CELLULAR RESPIRATION

FLATTENED MEMBRANOUS SACS IN GOLGI APPARATUS

BIOSYNTHETHIC FACTORY OF THE CELL

MADE UP OF COMPLEXES OF RIBOSOMAL RNA AND PROTEIN

REGULATES PROTEIN TRAFFIC AND PERFORMS METABOLIC FUNCTIONS OF THE CELL

LARGE VESICLES DERIVED FROM ER AND GOLGI APPARATUS.

FOUND IN CELL WALL OF PLANTS AND ALGAE

INFORMATION CENTER OF THE CELL

CONTAINS MOST OF CELL'S GENES

ENCLOSES THE NUCLEUS, SEPARATING IT FROM THE CYTOPLASM

ANUCELATED AND MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES

CONTAIN MEMBRANE BOUND ORGANELLES

REGULATE ENTRY AND EXIT OF MOLECULES FROM THE NUCLEUS

A SELECTIVE BARRIER THAT ALLOWS SUFFICIENT PASSAGE OF OXYGEN, NUTRIENTS AND WASTE/

PROTEIN COAT IN VIRUSES

PROCESS WHEREIN LYSOSOMES RECYCLE ORGANELLES AND MACROMOLECULES USIGN ENZYMES

ENGULFMENT OR CELL EATING ANOTHER CELL

MEMBRANOUS SACS FOUND IN CHLOROPLASTS

INTERNAL FLUID IN CHLOROPLASTS

MEMBRANOUS FOLDS IN THE MITOCHONDRIA

LARGE SURFACE AREA FOR ENZYMES THAT SYNTHESIZE ATP

NETWORK OF FIBERS THAT ORGANIZES STRUCTURES AND ACTIVITIES IN THE CELL

COMPONENTS OF THE CYTOSKELETON

HOLLOW RODS CONSTRUCTED FROM TUBULIN

THICKEST COMPONENT OF THE CYTOSKELETON

CHROMOSOME MOVEMENTS IN CELL DIVISION

THINNEST COMPONENT OF THE CYTOSKELETON

FUNCTIONS MAINLY IN MUSCLE CONTRACTION, CELL MOTILITY, AND CYTOPLASMIC STREAMING IN PLANTS AND CELL DIVISION IN ANIMALS

GLOBULAR PROTEIN DIMERS IN MICROTUBULES

MICROTUBULE ORGANIZING CENTER

ASSEMBLY OF SPINDLE MICROTUBULES IN ANIMAL CELLS

REPLICATES DURING INTERPHASE

ANCHORS THE CILIUM OR FLAGELLUM

MOTOR PROTEIN WHICH DRIVES THE BENDING MOVEMENTS OF A CILIUM OR FLAGELLUM

MULTIPLE LAYERS OF PLANT CELL WALLS

THIN AND FLEXIBLE LAYER OF THE PLANT CELL WALL

THIN LAYER BETWEEN PRIMARY WALLS OF ADJACENT CELLS IN PLANTS

BACTERIOPHAGE LIFE CYCLE WHERE A VIRUS INTEGRATES INTO GENOME AS PROVIRUS OR PROPHAGE

CHANNELS BETWEEN ADJACENT PLANT CELLS

LACK CELL WALLS BUT ARE COVERED BY AN ELABORATE EXTRACELLLULAR MATRIX (ECM)

BACTERIA WITH THICK PEPTIDOGLYCAN AND THIN PEPTIDOGLYCAN RESPECTIVELY

RECEPTOR PROTEINS IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE OF ANIMAL CELLS

BOUND TO ECM PROTEINS

FUNGI CELL WALL

THESE INTERCELLULAR JUNCTIONS FACILITATE IN ADHESION, INTERACTION, AND COMMUNICATION OF NEIGBORING CELLS IN AN ANIMAL OR PLANT THROUGH DIRECT PHYSICAL CONTACT.

RESTING PHASE OF CELL CYCLE

PHASE WHEREIN DIVISION OF GENETIC MATERIAL IN THE NUCLEUS

PHASES OF CELL CYCLE

PHASES OF MITOSIS (PPMAT)

CELL DIVISION THAT YIELDS NONIDENTICAL DAUGHTER CELLS THAT HAVE ONE SET OF CHROMOSOMES

GAMETES ARE PRODUCED BY A VARIATION OF THIS KIND OF CELL DIVISION

NONREPRODUCTIVE CELLS THAT HAVE TWO SETS OF CHROMOSOMES

REPRODUCTIVE CELLS THAT HAVE ONE SET OF CHROMOSOMES COLLECTIVELY KNOWN AS

SEPARATED CHROMATIDS ARE CALLED

STRUCTURE MADE OF MICROTUBULES AND PROTEINS THAT CONTROLS CHROMOSOME MOVEMENT DURING MITOSIS

MIGRATION OF TWO CENTROSOMES IN OPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL HAPPEN DURING

MITOTIC SPINDLE INCLUDES STRUCTURES

RADIAL ARRAY OF SHORT MICROTUBULES THAT EXTEND ROM EACH CHROMOSOME

ATTACHMENT OF SPINDLE MICROTUBULES TO KINETOCHORES

PROTEIN COMPLEXES THAT ASSEMBLE ON SECTIONS OF DNA AT CENTROMERES

IMAGINARY STRUCTURE AT THE MIDWAY POINT BETWEEN THE SPINDLE'S TWO POLES

IN THIS PHASE, SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE AND MOVE ALONG THE KINETOCHORE MICROTUBULES TOWARD OPPPOSITE ENDS OF THE CELL

BEGINS DURING ANAPHASE OR TELOPHASE

SPINDLE EVENTUALLY DISASSEMBLES

IN PLANT CELLS, A CELL PLATE FORMS DURING CYTOKINESIS WHILE IN ANIMAL CELLS IT OCCURS BY A PROCESS KNOWN AS

TWO CHROMOSMES IN EACH PAIR ARE CALLED

DETERMINES THE SEX OF THE INDIVIDUAL

UNITS OF HEREDITY AND ARE MADE OF SEGMENTS OF DNA

ORDERED DISPLAY OF THE PAIR OF CHROMOSOMES

NUMBER OF CHROMOSOMES IN A SOMATIC CELL

A CELL WITH TWO SETS OF CHROMOSOMES IS CALLED

UNION OF GAMETES

HAPLOID NUMBER (SINGLE SET) OF CHROMOSOMES IN GAMETES

FERTILIZED EGG

NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS IN A GAMETE (SEX) CELL DIVISION

THIS IS DUE TO THE REDUCTION OF CHROMOSOME SETS BY MEIOSIS FROM DIPLOID TO HAPLOID

NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS IN A SOMATIC CELL DIVISION

THIS TYPE OF MEIOSIS SEPARATES HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

THIS TYPE OF MEIOSIS SEPARATES SISTER CHROMATIDS

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES LOOSELY PAIR UP AND ALIGNED GENE BY GENE AND NONSISTER CHROMATIDS EXCHANGE DNA SEGMENTS IN THIS PHASE

HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES LOOSELY PAIR UP IN THIS PROCESS

ALIGNMENT GENE BY GENE AND NONSISTER CHROMATIDS EXCHANGE DNA SEGMENTS OCCUR IN THIS PROCESS

X SHAPED REGIONS IN EACH HOMOLOGOUS PAIR

IT EXIST AT POINTS WHERE CROSSING OVER HAS OCCURRED

SPINDLE APPARATUS FORMS IN THIS PHASE

CHROMOSOMES MOVE TOWARD THE METAPAHASE PLATE

SISTER CHROMATIDS ARE ARRANGED AT THE METAPHASE PLATE AND

KINETOCHORES ATTACH TO MICROTUBULES EXTENDING FROM OPPOSITE POLES IN THIS PHASE

TETRADS LINE UP AT THE METAPHASE PLATE IN THIS PHASE

SISTER CHROMATIDS SEPARATE IN THIS PHASE

PAIRS OF HOMOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES SEPARATE IN THIS PHASE

CHROMOSOMES ARRIVE AT OPPOSITE POLES

CHROMOSOMES BEGIN DECONDENSING

NO CHROMOSOME REPLICATION OCCUR BETWEEN THE END OF MEIOSIS I AND BEGINNING OF MEIOSSIS II BECAUSE

PLANT PATHOGENS

NUMBER OF DAUGHTER CELLS AT THE END OF MEIOSIS

THEORY ON WHICH AN EARLY ANCESTOR OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS ENGULFED A NONPHOTOSYNTHETHICH PROKARYORIC CELL WHICH FORMED AN ENDOSYMBIONT RELATIONSHIP WITH ITS HOST-MERGED INTO A SINGLE ORGANISM: A EUKARYOTIC CELL WITH A MITOCHONDRION.

TWO KINDS OF PATHWAY IN THE CELL WALL OF PLANTS

OCCURS DURING INTERPHASE BEFORE MITOSIS/MEIOSIS I BEGINS

THIS DIVISION OCCURS IN MEIOSIS I BECAUSE IT HALVES THE NUMBER OF CHROMOSOME SETS PER CELL FROM DIPLOID (2n) TO HAPLOID (n)

THIS DIVISION OCCURS IN MEIOSIS II BECAUSE IHAPLOID CELLS DIVIDE TO PRODUCE HAPLOID DAUGHTER CELLS

INFECTIOUS PROTEINS THAT TRIGGER MISFOLDING

THIS PROCESS OCCURS WHEN GERM LAYERS DEVELOP A NERVOUS SYSTEM

ALL PROKARYOTES DIVIDE BY

CLASSIFICATIONS OF BACTERIA (SHAPE)

SPHERICAL -

ROD SHAPED -

SPIRAL SHAPED -

BACTERIA VIRUS

BACTERIA THAT REQUIRES OXYGEN

BACTERIA THAT REQUIRES CARBON DIOXIDE, DIES IN OXYGEN

PART OF THE CELL THAT CARRIES GENETIC INFORMATION IN ORGANISMS

NITROGENOUS BASES AND THEIR PAIRS

PENTOSE SUGAR FOUND IN DNA AND RNA

MOLECULAR UNITS OF DNA AND RNA

BACKBONE OF DNA AND RNA CONSISTS OF ALTERNATING

NITROGENOUS BASES ARE ATTACHED TO THE SUGAR RESIDUES CALLED

SPHERICAL STRUCTURES THAT ARE FORMED WHENE ENOUGH PHOSPHOLIPIDS CONGREGATE TOGETHER

THESE ARE FORMED WHEN HYDROCARBON TAILS OF TWO PHOSPHOLIPID SHEETS INTERACT WITH ONE ANOTHER TO EXCLUDE WATER

THIS HOLLOW-AQUEOUS FILLED STRUCTURE WILL FORM IF A LIPID BILAYER FOLDS BACK ON ITSELF

IT INVOLVES A SPONTANEOUS MOVEMENT OF SOLUTE MOLECULES THROUGH A LIPID BILAYER, FROM AN AREA OF HIGH CONCENTRATION TO AN AREA OF LOW CONCENTRATION DOWN A CONCENTRATION GRADIENT

DIFFUSION DEPENDS ON THE INTERACTION OF THE SOLUTE MOLECULES WITH THE INTEGRAL MEMBRANE PROTEINS THAT ARE EMBEDDED IN THE LIPID BILAYER

PROTEIN TRANSPORTERS THAT ALLOW MOVEMENT OF SOLUTE ACROSS A MEMBRANE

TRANSPORTER THAT ALLOWS ONE TYPE OF SOLUTE MOLECULE IN ONE DIRECTION

TRANSPORTER THAT ALLOWS TWO TYPES OF SOLUTE MOLECULE IN SAME DIRECTIONS

TRANSPORTER THAT ALLOWS TWO TYPES OF SOLUTE MOLECULE IN DIFFERENT OR OPPOSITE DIRECTIONS

MEMBRANE PROTEINS EMBEDDED IN THE LIPID BILAYER

MEMBRANE PROTEINS EMBEDDED OR CAN SPAN IN THE LIPID BILAYER

MEMBRANE PROTEINS WEAKLY ATTACHED TO THE SURFACE OF THE LIPID BILAYER

LIPID ATTACHED TO A CARBOHOYDRATE AND

PROTEIN ATTACHED TO A CARBOHYDRATE ARE RESPECTIVELY CALLED