2022-09-26T06:46:44+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>nociception</p>, <p>3</p>, <p>afferent neuron transmits info from periphery to CNS, neuron travels up spinal cord to thalamus, neuron relays info from thalamus to cortex</p>, <p>receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector</p>, <p>dorsal root ganglion</p>, <p>ganglia</p>, <p>dermatome</p>, <p>TRPV1</p>, <p>TRPM8</p>, <p>A fibers</p>, <p>B fibers</p>, <p>C fibers</p>, <p>Alpha delta &amp; C</p>, <p>spinothalamic &amp; spinoreticular</p>, <p>Spinothalamic tract</p>, <p>Spinoreticular tract</p>, <p>periaqueductal gray (PAG)</p>, <p>PAG</p>, <p>Visceral pain</p>, <p>Referred pain</p>, <p>Somatic; visceral; dorsal horn</p>, <p>Neuropathic pain</p>, <p>length-dependent </p>, <p>Longest</p>, <p>alcoholism &amp; hypothyrodism</p>, <p>Complex regional pain syndrome</p>, <p>cognitive-behavioral interventions, heat/cold, stimulus-induced analgesia, TENS, NSAIDS</p>, <p>increases blood flow; triggers release of endogenous opioids</p>, <p>could cause peripheral vascular disease</p>, <p>leads to vasoconstriction and reduced swelling, slows nerve response</p>, <p>migraine, tension type, cluster, chronic</p>, <p>blood vessels, meninges, cranial nerves</p>, <p>Vasodilation; meningeal</p>, <p>Meninges</p>, <p>Tension-type</p>, <p>migraines</p>, <p>females</p>, <p>Migraine</p>, <p>analgesics, triptans, DHE</p>, <p>Cluster</p>, <p>Verapamil(calcium channel blockers), corticosteroids</p>, <p>oxygen, triptans (imitrex or zomig) </p>, <p>Chronic daily headache</p> flashcards
Somatosensory Function

Somatosensory Function

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  • nociception

    sensory response to pain

  • 3

    How many neurons are required to successfully transmit pain?

  • afferent neuron transmits info from periphery to CNS, neuron travels up spinal cord to thalamus, neuron relays info from thalamus to cortex

    Pain pathway?

  • receptor, sensory neuron, integration center, motor neuron, effector

    Components of reflex arc?

  • dorsal root ganglion

    Limbs and trunk communicate touch, temperature, and position through neurons housed in the ______

  • ganglia

    group of cell bodies

  • dermatome

    What is the region that dorsal root ganglion innervate?

  • TRPV1

    these receptors respond to heat and acid

  • TRPM8

    these receptors respond to cold

  • A fibers

    -highly myelinated

    -proprioception, fine touch, cool

  • B fibers

    -moderately myelinated

    -mechanical sensation

  • C fibers

    -unmeylinated (Substance P)

    -primary pain fibers, warmth, burning, itch, chemicals, extreme cold

  • Alpha delta & C

    Pain is sensed by what neuron fibers?

  • spinothalamic & spinoreticular

    What are the two main ascending pathways that second order neurons follow?

  • Spinothalamic tract

    -neuron decussates and travels up contralateral side

    -synapses in thalamus

    -third-order neuron then travels to sensory cortex to 'localize' pain and periaqueductal gray

  • Spinoreticular tract

    -neuron dessucates and travels up contralateral side

    -synapses in reticular formation in brain stem

    -3rd order neurons then travel to thalamus and hypothalamus

    -4th order neurons then travel to cortex, amygdala, and many other regions to induce emotional aspects of pain

  • periaqueductal gray (PAG)

    the descending pain pathway includes what region of the brain?

  • PAG

    pain modulating region in the brain

  • Visceral pain

    -origin is in an a organ

    -nociceptors are much more spread out

    -travel unique tracts up to the brain

  • Referred pain

    -often visceral in origin, but feels like its coming from a somatic structure nearby

    *heart attack feels like pain in left arm, neck, and chest wall

  • Somatic; visceral; dorsal horn

    In regards to referred pain; _______ and _______ sensory neurons synapse on the same cells in the _______. Signals get crossed

  • Neuropathic pain

    -pain caused by nerve injury or neurological disease

    -nerve compression, abnormal growths, infections, spinal cord injury

  • length-dependent

    Diabetes patients often exhibit ________ neuropathy

  • Longest

    In length dependent neuropathy, which type of axons are most vulnerable?

  • alcoholism & hypothyrodism

    Which conditions possess an increased risk of neuropathic pain?

  • Complex regional pain syndrome

    -unique form of chronic pain

    -may or may not be neuropathic

    -pain is WAY out proportion to initial injury, often in arm or leg

  • cognitive-behavioral interventions, heat/cold, stimulus-induced analgesia, TENS, NSAIDS

    What are some ways to manage pain?

  • increases blood flow; triggers release of endogenous opioids

    How does heat relieve pain?

  • could cause peripheral vascular disease

    Why may heat be a controversial pain reliever?

  • leads to vasoconstriction and reduced swelling, slows nerve response

    How does cold relieve pain?

  • migraine, tension type, cluster, chronic

    What are your primary headache types?

  • blood vessels, meninges, cranial nerves

    How do we sense headaches?

  • Vasodilation; meningeal

    _____ and ______ stress cause activation of trigeminal nerve (acts as first-order neuron

  • Meninges

    three layers of membranes that cover and protect your brain & spinal cord

  • Tension-type

    -most common form of primary headache

    -brought on by physical or emotional stress

    -can be treated through hydration & anti-inflammatory analgesics

  • migraines

    Which primary headache has a genetic component?

  • females

    Are migraines more common in males or females?

  • Migraine

    -throbbing, light sensitivity, smell sensitivity, vomiting

    -moderate to severe pain

    -usually last from 4- 72 hours

    -pain on one side of head

    -may have aura (light disturbances) 85% do not

  • analgesics, triptans, DHE

    What are some treatments for migraines?

  • Cluster

    -rapid onset of a headache that lasts minutes - 3 hours

    -occurs multiple times over the course of weeks

    -tends to occur at same time of day; followed by an intermission

    -frequently seasonal

  • Verapamil(calcium channel blockers), corticosteroids

    Preventative treatment for cluster headaches?

  • oxygen, triptans (imitrex or zomig)

    Acute treatment for cluster headaches?

  • Chronic daily headache

    -headache 15 days a month for 3 months or more

    -often resembles migraine or tension headache