2022-11-06T17:53:05+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true What is Science? (4), What is empirikos?, >Means that science is any kind of knowledge from, Means that science follows specific steps in order to reach certain conclusion, Means that science gets us to the truth through careful observation, Means that science achieves social impact alongside financial return., What is Technology? (3), a discipline used to apply existing scientific method to develop technology, A group of people with common interests, traditions, purpose, and/or activity., When society improves ... (2), The best known product of STS, Who conducted a study that is best known product of STS in 1962?, an interdisciplinary field that studies the conditions under which the production, distribution and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems occur, Beginning of human existence until about 3000 BCE, Cave drawings, unearthed artifacts (stone, bone tools)., Three seperate periods of Stone Age, Humans were food gatherers/hunters, depending on hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts, and berries., They are nomads with no permanent shelters., Agriculture was introduced during this time which led to settlements in villages., Invention of more sophisticated tools, people were able to build permanent shelters., Advances in metallurgy to working were made, as bronze, a copper and tin alloy, was discovered., Bronze is made up of, This period marked the end of the last Ice Age, which resulted in the extinction of many large mammals and rising sea levels and climate change that eventually caused man to migrate., Era were people are able to build permanent shelters ., a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted, what age was ox-drawn plow and wheel utilized?, During the bronze age, this is the process of using man-made canals and ditches to divert water from natural sources or floodplains to fields for crops or to reservoir lakes to use at a later time, During the Bronze age, they rotate the crops planted in a number of fields to replenish nutrients in the soil., When was the first ever soap invented?, Where was the equation for soap found?, The three main ingredients of soap according to the babylonian eart tablet, It was during this time that ancient Egyptians built their pyramids to honor their dead pharaohs., The earliest written accounts, including Egyptian hieroglyphs and petroglyphs (rock engravings), were dated to this age, It was marked by the rise of states or kingdoms —large-scale societies joined under a central government by a powerful ruler., Advancements were made not only in tools but also in farming, home construction, and art, including pottery, sewing and weaving using the loom, Period where making textiles and clothing with the materials they harvested from nature and their livestock begins., Lasted from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE, Age where beginning of making tools and weapons from steel., Where was iron first smelted from ore?, A region presently occupied by Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan, At this time, iron was seen as more precious than gold, requires a more intensive process and with the development of better smelting pits, a metal harder than copper and tin, Better, sturdier, and more reliable agricultural tools were produced in this age making agriculture a lot easier than the previous period., What Age did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?, During the Iron Age, where and when did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?, a kingdom on the Anatolia peninsula (modern-day Turkey), Agriculture, art, and religion all became more sophisticated, and writing systems and written documentation, including alphabets, began to emerge., Known as the Medieval Period and has started with the fall of the Roman Empire that lasted for 1,000 years until 1450., Why is the beginning of the Middle Ages called the Dark Ages?, What are some of the notable invention by Europeans during the Middle Ages? (4), Lead to the creation of the first mechanical clocks in around 1300 AD and had become the standard timekeeping device in this period., Most common materials for clothing this time period were wool, cotton, silk, and linen., Introduced around 1350, was the first improvement made in the process of cotton spinning., Europeans invention that pulls horse shoulders, European invention that rotates and generates electricity, European invention that provides direction, What Age was the clock invented?, An early type of seismograph that was invented at China during the Middle Ages used to determine the presence and direction of an earthquake., Started in 140 BC but was officially used in writing at a later time (105 AD), The first compass were made of iodestone in what dynasty?, It comes with a spoon that shows the direction, and is often used in divination, a ritual to see and understand the future, during the Han dynasty., Utilizes needles for medical therapy, The first movable type printing made from pottery was utilized where? What time period?, During the middle ages, this is use to carry heavy loads and wagons as well as carry royalties around when they need to travel., Who were the ones to divide a year in 12 months?, Science of smelting, Established during this time in India which is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body, and spirit, What is the main goal of Ayurveda or Ayurvedic medicine?, An Italian master navigator, completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas., Flourishing civilizations in America, Ancient nature of Central America, Excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making, and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork ., They made pyramids made out of limestone as a display of their architectural prowess., What did Mayans used as monetary units?, The most noteworthy invention of the Mayans that sparked intrigue and even fear some 10 years ago (2012)., They recorded astronomical observations in stone sculptures., A process of clearing forested lands by cutting trees and plants and burning the remaining vegetation to create a land for agriculture., Peculiar ritual of the Aztecs, Contrary to the Aztecs slash and burn technique, they utilized more advanced farming method which was terraces farming, just like what the Igorots did in Benguet., They built irrigation canals to provide access to stream water along with retaining walls which deflected heat during the hot days but trapped it in at night, preventing crops from dying from frostbite during the bitterly cold highland evenings., What animal wool did the Incas used to make their clothes? (2), Who worked out that it was possible to save the lives of their injured men using a primitive form of brain surgery?, Basic anesthetics used by Incas during their brain surgery, The name given to this period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries., It replaced the Greek view of nature (more on philosophical rather than empirical) that had dominated Science for almost 2,000 years ago., Characterized by an emphasis on abstract reasoning, quantitative thought, an understanding of how nature works, the view of nature as a machine, and the development of an experimental scientific method., The establishment of printing machine in this era paved the way for the faster spread of new ideas and discoveries., Characteristics of a Scientist (3), Proposed that the planets instead revolved around the sun and argued that earth turned daily on its axis., Geocentrism, 3 laws of planetary motion, The time necessary to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is proportional to the area of the sector between the central body and that arc, There is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits, In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics., In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation., In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus., Famous for his theory of evolution in which he wrote a full account of in his book entitled “On the Origin of Species.”, Theory of Evolution states that ..., An Austrian neurologist who is perhaps most known as the founder of psychoanalysis with his development of talk therapy as an approach to treating mental health problems. flashcards

Science, Technology, and Society

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  • What is Science? (4)
    Science is: - an emprical field - a Systematic field - covers general truth and facts - a total societal enterprise
  • What is empirikos?
    Experienced
  • >Means that science is any kind of knowledge from
    Empirical Field
  • Means that science follows specific steps in order to reach certain conclusion
    Science is a systematic field.
  • Means that science gets us to the truth through careful observation
    Science covers general truths and facts
  • Means that science achieves social impact alongside financial return.
    Science is a total Societal enterprise
  • What is Technology? (3)
    Technology is: - an applied science - body of knowledge and skills - total societal enterprise
  • a discipline used to apply existing scientific method to develop technology
    Applied Science
  • A group of people with common interests, traditions, purpose, and/or activity.
    Society
  • When society improves ... (2)
    - it demands more science; - technology improves too.
  • The best known product of STS
    The Structure of Scientific Revolutions
  • Who conducted a study that is best known product of STS in 1962?
    Thomas Kuhn
  • an interdisciplinary field that studies the conditions under which the production, distribution and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems occur
    Science, Technology, and Society (STS)
  • Beginning of human existence until about 3000 BCE
    Stone Age
  • Cave drawings, unearthed artifacts (stone, bone tools).
    Stone Age
  • Three seperate periods of Stone Age
    - Paleolithic - Mesolithic - Neolithic Period
  • Humans were food gatherers/hunters, depending on hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts, and berries.
    Paleolithic
  • They are nomads with no permanent shelters.
    Paleolithic
  • Agriculture was introduced during this time which led to settlements in villages.
    Mesolithic
  • Invention of more sophisticated tools, people were able to build permanent shelters.
    Neolithic Period
  • Advances in metallurgy to working were made, as bronze, a copper and tin alloy, was discovered.
    Bronze Age
  • Bronze is made up of
    88% Bronze 12% Tin
  • This period marked the end of the last Ice Age, which resulted in the extinction of many large mammals and rising sea levels and climate change that eventually caused man to migrate.
    Mesolithic Period
  • Era were people are able to build permanent shelters .
    Neolithic Era
  • a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted
    Ores
  • what age was ox-drawn plow and wheel utilized?
    Bronze Age
  • During the bronze age, this is the process of using man-made canals and ditches to divert water from natural sources or floodplains to fields for crops or to reservoir lakes to use at a later time
    Irrigation
  • During the Bronze age, they rotate the crops planted in a number of fields to replenish nutrients in the soil.
    Field System
  • When was the first ever soap invented?
    Bronze Age
  • Where was the equation for soap found?
    on the Babylonian earth tablet
  • The three main ingredients of soap according to the babylonian eart tablet
    #NAME?
  • It was during this time that ancient Egyptians built their pyramids to honor their dead pharaohs.
    Bronze Age
  • The earliest written accounts, including Egyptian hieroglyphs and petroglyphs (rock engravings), were dated to this age
    Bronze Age
  • It was marked by the rise of states or kingdoms ‚Äîlarge-scale societies joined under a central government by a powerful ruler.
    Bronze Age
  • Advancements were made not only in tools but also in farming, home construction, and art, including pottery, sewing and weaving using the loom
    Neolithic Period
  • Period where making textiles and clothing with the materials they harvested from nature and their livestock begins.
    Neolithic Period
  • Lasted from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE
    Iron Age
  • Age where beginning of making tools and weapons from steel.
    Iron Age
  • Where was iron first smelted from ore?
    South Caucasus
  • A region presently occupied by Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan
    South Caucasus
  • At this time, iron was seen as more precious than gold
    Iron Age
  • requires a more intensive process and with the development of better smelting pits
    Smelting Iron
  • a metal harder than copper and tin
    Iron
  • Better, sturdier, and more reliable agricultural tools were produced in this age making agriculture a lot easier than the previous period.
    Iron Age
  • What Age did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?
    Iron Age
  • During the Iron Age, where and when did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?
    Lydia; 600 BC
  • a kingdom on the Anatolia peninsula (modern-day Turkey)
    Lydia
  • Agriculture, art, and religion all became more sophisticated, and writing systems and written documentation, including alphabets, began to emerge.
    Iron Age
  • Known as the Medieval Period and has started with the fall of the Roman Empire that lasted for 1,000 years until 1450.
    Middle Ages
  • Why is the beginning of the Middle Ages called the Dark Ages?
    Because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered.
  • What are some of the notable invention by Europeans during the Middle Ages? (4)
    Horse Collar Watermill Magnetic Compass Clock
  • Lead to the creation of the first mechanical clocks in around 1300 AD and had become the standard timekeeping device in this period.
    Verge Escapement
  • Most common materials for clothing this time period were wool, cotton, silk, and linen.
    Middle Ages
  • Introduced around 1350, was the first improvement made in the process of cotton spinning.
    Spinning Wheel // The Great or Jersey
  • Europeans invention that pulls horse shoulders
    Horse Collar
  • European invention that rotates and generates electricity
    Watermill
  • European invention that provides direction
    Magnetic Compass
  • What Age was the clock invented?
    Middle Age
  • An early type of seismograph that was invented at China during the Middle Ages used to determine the presence and direction of an earthquake.
    Seismoscope
  • Started in 140 BC but was officially used in writing at a later time (105 AD)
    Chinese Paper Making
  • The first compass were made of iodestone in what dynasty?
    Han Dynasty
  • It comes with a spoon that shows the direction, and is often used in divination, a ritual to see and understand the future, during the Han dynasty.
    Magnetic Compass
  • Utilizes needles for medical therapy
    Ancupuncture
  • The first movable type printing made from pottery was utilized where? What time period?
    China; Middle Age
  • During the middle ages, this is use to carry heavy loads and wagons as well as carry royalties around when they need to travel.
    Wheel Barrow
  • Who were the ones to divide a year in 12 months?
    India
  • Science of smelting
    Metallurgy
  • Established during this time in India which is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body, and spirit
    Ayurveda / Ayurvedic medicine
  • What is the main goal of Ayurveda or Ayurvedic medicine?
    Main goal is not to fight diseases but to promote good health
  • An Italian master navigator, completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas.
    Christopher Columbus
  • Flourishing civilizations in America
    #NAME?
  • Ancient nature of Central America
    Maya
  • Excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making, and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork .
    Mayans
  • They made pyramids made out of limestone as a display of their architectural prowess.
    Mayans
  • What did Mayans used as monetary units?
    Cocoa Beans
  • The most noteworthy invention of the Mayans that sparked intrigue and even fear some 10 years ago (2012).
    Mayan Solar Calendar
  • They recorded astronomical observations in stone sculptures.
    Aztec
  • A process of clearing forested lands by cutting trees and plants and burning the remaining vegetation to create a land for agriculture.
    Slash and Burn
  • Peculiar ritual of the Aztecs
    Human Sacrifice
  • Contrary to the Aztecs slash and burn technique, they utilized more advanced farming method which was terraces farming, just like what the Igorots did in Benguet.
    Inca
  • They built irrigation canals to provide access to stream water along with retaining walls which deflected heat during the hot days but trapped it in at night, preventing crops from dying from frostbite during the bitterly cold highland evenings.
    Inca
  • What animal wool did the Incas used to make their clothes? (2)
    Llamas Alpacas
  • Who worked out that it was possible to save the lives of their injured men using a primitive form of brain surgery?
    Inca
  • Basic anesthetics used by Incas during their brain surgery
    - Coca - Tobacco - Alcohol
  • The name given to this period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.
    Scientific Revolution
  • It replaced the Greek view of nature (more on philosophical rather than empirical) that had dominated Science for almost 2,000 years ago.
    Scientific Revolution
  • Characterized by an emphasis on abstract reasoning, quantitative thought, an understanding of how nature works, the view of nature as a machine, and the development of an experimental scientific method.
    Scientific Revolution
  • The establishment of printing machine in this era paved the way for the faster spread of new ideas and discoveries.
    Scientific Revolution
  • Characteristics of a Scientist (3)
    - creativity - curiosity - critical thinking
  • Proposed that the planets instead revolved around the sun and argued that earth turned daily on its axis.
    Nicolaus Copernicus
  • Geocentrism
    Nicolas Copernicus
  • 3 laws of planetary motion
    Planets move in elliptical orbits with the sun at one focus Area law Harmonic law
  • The time necessary to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is proportional to the area of the sector between the central body and that arc
    Area Law
  • There is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits
    Harmonic Law
  • In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics.
    Isaac Newton
  • In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation.
    Isaac Newton
  • In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus.
    Isaac Newton
  • Famous for his theory of evolution in which he wrote a full account of in his book entitled ‚ÄúOn the Origin of Species.‚Äù
    Charles Darwin
  • Theory of Evolution states that ...
    Diverse groups of animals evolve from one or a few common ancestors by natural selection.
  • An Austrian neurologist who is perhaps most known as the founder of psychoanalysis with his development of talk therapy as an approach to treating mental health problems.
    Sigmund Freud