Science, Technology, and Society

What is Science? (4)

What is empirikos?

>Means that science is any kind of knowledge from

Means that science follows specific steps in order to reach certain conclusion

Means that science gets us to the truth through careful observation

Means that science achieves social impact alongside financial return.

What is Technology? (3)

a discipline used to apply existing scientific method to develop technology

A group of people with common interests, traditions, purpose, and/or activity.

When society improves ... (2)

The best known product of STS

Who conducted a study that is best known product of STS in 1962?

an interdisciplinary field that studies the conditions under which the production, distribution and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems occur

Beginning of human existence until about 3000 BCE

Cave drawings, unearthed artifacts (stone, bone tools).

Three seperate periods of Stone Age

Humans were food gatherers/hunters, depending on hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts, and berries.

They are nomads with no permanent shelters.

Agriculture was introduced during this time which led to settlements in villages.

Invention of more sophisticated tools, people were able to build permanent shelters.

Advances in metallurgy to working were made, as bronze, a copper and tin alloy, was discovered.

Bronze is made up of

This period marked the end of the last Ice Age, which resulted in the extinction of many large mammals and rising sea levels and climate change that eventually caused man to migrate.

Era were people are able to build permanent shelters .

a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted

what age was ox-drawn plow and wheel utilized?

During the bronze age, this is the process of using man-made canals and ditches to divert water from natural sources or floodplains to fields for crops or to reservoir lakes to use at a later time

During the Bronze age, they rotate the crops planted in a number of fields to replenish nutrients in the soil.

When was the first ever soap invented?

Where was the equation for soap found?

The three main ingredients of soap according to the babylonian eart tablet

It was during this time that ancient Egyptians built their pyramids to honor their dead pharaohs.

The earliest written accounts, including Egyptian hieroglyphs and petroglyphs (rock engravings), were dated to this age

It was marked by the rise of states or kingdoms —large-scale societies joined under a central government by a powerful ruler.

Advancements were made not only in tools but also in farming, home construction, and art, including pottery, sewing and weaving using the loom

Period where making textiles and clothing with the materials they harvested from nature and their livestock begins.

Lasted from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE

Age where beginning of making tools and weapons from steel.

Where was iron first smelted from ore?

A region presently occupied by Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan

At this time, iron was seen as more precious than gold

requires a more intensive process and with the development of better smelting pits

a metal harder than copper and tin

Better, sturdier, and more reliable agricultural tools were produced in this age making agriculture a lot easier than the previous period.

What Age did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?

During the Iron Age, where and when did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?

a kingdom on the Anatolia peninsula (modern-day Turkey)

Agriculture, art, and religion all became more sophisticated, and writing systems and written documentation, including alphabets, began to emerge.

Known as the Medieval Period and has started with the fall of the Roman Empire that lasted for 1,000 years until 1450.

Why is the beginning of the Middle Ages called the Dark Ages?

What are some of the notable invention by Europeans during the Middle Ages? (4)

Lead to the creation of the first mechanical clocks in around 1300 AD and had become the standard timekeeping device in this period.

Most common materials for clothing this time period were wool, cotton, silk, and linen.

Introduced around 1350, was the first improvement made in the process of cotton spinning.

Europeans invention that pulls horse shoulders

European invention that rotates and generates electricity

European invention that provides direction

What Age was the clock invented?

An early type of seismograph that was invented at China during the Middle Ages used to determine the presence and direction of an earthquake.

Started in 140 BC but was officially used in writing at a later time (105 AD)

The first compass were made of iodestone in what dynasty?

It comes with a spoon that shows the direction, and is often used in divination, a ritual to see and understand the future, during the Han dynasty.

Utilizes needles for medical therapy

The first movable type printing made from pottery was utilized where? What time period?

During the middle ages, this is use to carry heavy loads and wagons as well as carry royalties around when they need to travel.

Who were the ones to divide a year in 12 months?

Science of smelting

Established during this time in India which is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body, and spirit

What is the main goal of Ayurveda or Ayurvedic medicine?

An Italian master navigator, completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas.

Flourishing civilizations in America

Ancient nature of Central America

Excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making, and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork .

They made pyramids made out of limestone as a display of their architectural prowess.

What did Mayans used as monetary units?

The most noteworthy invention of the Mayans that sparked intrigue and even fear some 10 years ago (2012).

They recorded astronomical observations in stone sculptures.

A process of clearing forested lands by cutting trees and plants and burning the remaining vegetation to create a land for agriculture.

Peculiar ritual of the Aztecs

Contrary to the Aztecs slash and burn technique, they utilized more advanced farming method which was terraces farming, just like what the Igorots did in Benguet.

They built irrigation canals to provide access to stream water along with retaining walls which deflected heat during the hot days but trapped it in at night, preventing crops from dying from frostbite during the bitterly cold highland evenings.

What animal wool did the Incas used to make their clothes? (2)

Who worked out that it was possible to save the lives of their injured men using a primitive form of brain surgery?

Basic anesthetics used by Incas during their brain surgery

The name given to this period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.

It replaced the Greek view of nature (more on philosophical rather than empirical) that had dominated Science for almost 2,000 years ago.

Characterized by an emphasis on abstract reasoning, quantitative thought, an understanding of how nature works, the view of nature as a machine, and the development of an experimental scientific method.

The establishment of printing machine in this era paved the way for the faster spread of new ideas and discoveries.

Characteristics of a Scientist (3)

Proposed that the planets instead revolved around the sun and argued that earth turned daily on its axis.

Geocentrism

3 laws of planetary motion

The time necessary to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is proportional to the area of the sector between the central body and that arc

There is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits

In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics.

In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation.

In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus.

Famous for his theory of evolution in which he wrote a full account of in his book entitled “On the Origin of Species.”

Theory of Evolution states that ...

An Austrian neurologist who is perhaps most known as the founder of psychoanalysis with his development of talk therapy as an approach to treating mental health problems.