Flashcards: Science, Technology, and Society

What is Science? (4)

What is empirikos?

>Means that science is any kind of knowledge from

Means that science follows specific steps in order to reach certain conclusion

Means that science gets us to the truth through careful observation

Means that science achieves social impact alongside financial return.

What is Technology? (3)

a discipline used to apply existing scientific method to develop technology

A group of people with common interests, traditions, purpose, and/or activity.

When society improves ... (2)

The best known product of STS

Who conducted a study that is best known product of STS in 1962?

an interdisciplinary field that studies the conditions under which the production, distribution and utilization of scientific knowledge and technological systems occur

Beginning of human existence until about 3000 BCE

Cave drawings, unearthed artifacts (stone, bone tools).

Three seperate periods of Stone Age

Humans were food gatherers/hunters, depending on hunting wild animals and birds, fishing, and collecting wild fruits, nuts, and berries.

They are nomads with no permanent shelters.

Agriculture was introduced during this time which led to settlements in villages.

Invention of more sophisticated tools, people were able to build permanent shelters.

Advances in metallurgy to working were made, as bronze, a copper and tin alloy, was discovered.

Bronze is made up of

This period marked the end of the last Ice Age, which resulted in the extinction of many large mammals and rising sea levels and climate change that eventually caused man to migrate.

Era were people are able to build permanent shelters .

a naturally occurring solid material from which a metal or valuable mineral can be extracted

what age was ox-drawn plow and wheel utilized?

During the bronze age, this is the process of using man-made canals and ditches to divert water from natural sources or floodplains to fields for crops or to reservoir lakes to use at a later time

During the Bronze age, they rotate the crops planted in a number of fields to replenish nutrients in the soil.

When was the first ever soap invented?

Where was the equation for soap found?

The three main ingredients of soap according to the babylonian eart tablet

It was during this time that ancient Egyptians built their pyramids to honor their dead pharaohs.

The earliest written accounts, including Egyptian hieroglyphs and petroglyphs (rock engravings), were dated to this age

It was marked by the rise of states or kingdoms —large-scale societies joined under a central government by a powerful ruler.

Advancements were made not only in tools but also in farming, home construction, and art, including pottery, sewing and weaving using the loom

Period where making textiles and clothing with the materials they harvested from nature and their livestock begins.

Lasted from 1500 BCE to 500 BCE

Age where beginning of making tools and weapons from steel.

Where was iron first smelted from ore?

A region presently occupied by Armenia, Georgia, and Azerbaijan

At this time, iron was seen as more precious than gold

requires a more intensive process and with the development of better smelting pits

a metal harder than copper and tin

Better, sturdier, and more reliable agricultural tools were produced in this age making agriculture a lot easier than the previous period.

What Age did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?

During the Iron Age, where and when did the first coins imprinted metal pieces for exchange emerged?

a kingdom on the Anatolia peninsula (modern-day Turkey)

Agriculture, art, and religion all became more sophisticated, and writing systems and written documentation, including alphabets, began to emerge.

Known as the Medieval Period and has started with the fall of the Roman Empire that lasted for 1,000 years until 1450.

Why is the beginning of the Middle Ages called the Dark Ages?

What are some of the notable invention by Europeans during the Middle Ages? (4)

Lead to the creation of the first mechanical clocks in around 1300 AD and had become the standard timekeeping device in this period.

Most common materials for clothing this time period were wool, cotton, silk, and linen.

Introduced around 1350, was the first improvement made in the process of cotton spinning.

Europeans invention that pulls horse shoulders

European invention that rotates and generates electricity

European invention that provides direction

What Age was the clock invented?

An early type of seismograph that was invented at China during the Middle Ages used to determine the presence and direction of an earthquake.

Started in 140 BC but was officially used in writing at a later time (105 AD)

The first compass were made of iodestone in what dynasty?

It comes with a spoon that shows the direction, and is often used in divination, a ritual to see and understand the future, during the Han dynasty.

Utilizes needles for medical therapy

The first movable type printing made from pottery was utilized where? What time period?

During the middle ages, this is use to carry heavy loads and wagons as well as carry royalties around when they need to travel.

Who were the ones to divide a year in 12 months?

Science of smelting

Established during this time in India which is based on the belief that health and wellness depend on a delicate balance between the mind, body, and spirit

What is the main goal of Ayurveda or Ayurvedic medicine?

An Italian master navigator, completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean that opened the way for European exploration, exploitation, and colonization of the Americas.

Flourishing civilizations in America

Ancient nature of Central America

Excelled at agriculture, pottery, hieroglyph writing, calendar-making, and mathematics, and left behind an astonishing amount of impressive architecture and symbolic artwork .

They made pyramids made out of limestone as a display of their architectural prowess.

What did Mayans used as monetary units?

The most noteworthy invention of the Mayans that sparked intrigue and even fear some 10 years ago (2012).

They recorded astronomical observations in stone sculptures.

A process of clearing forested lands by cutting trees and plants and burning the remaining vegetation to create a land for agriculture.

Peculiar ritual of the Aztecs

Contrary to the Aztecs slash and burn technique, they utilized more advanced farming method which was terraces farming, just like what the Igorots did in Benguet.

They built irrigation canals to provide access to stream water along with retaining walls which deflected heat during the hot days but trapped it in at night, preventing crops from dying from frostbite during the bitterly cold highland evenings.

What animal wool did the Incas used to make their clothes? (2)

Who worked out that it was possible to save the lives of their injured men using a primitive form of brain surgery?

Basic anesthetics used by Incas during their brain surgery

The name given to this period of drastic change in scientific thought that took place during the 16th and 17th centuries.

It replaced the Greek view of nature (more on philosophical rather than empirical) that had dominated Science for almost 2,000 years ago.

Characterized by an emphasis on abstract reasoning, quantitative thought, an understanding of how nature works, the view of nature as a machine, and the development of an experimental scientific method.

The establishment of printing machine in this era paved the way for the faster spread of new ideas and discoveries.

Characteristics of a Scientist (3)

Proposed that the planets instead revolved around the sun and argued that earth turned daily on its axis.

Geocentrism

3 laws of planetary motion

The time necessary to traverse any arc of a planetary orbit is proportional to the area of the sector between the central body and that arc

There is an exact relationship between the squares of the planets periodic times and the cubes of the radii of their orbits

In optics, his discovery of the composition of white light integrated the phenomena of colors into the science of light and laid the foundation for modern physical optics.

In mechanics, his three laws of motion, the basic principles of modern physics, resulted in the formulation of the law of universal gravitation.

In mathematics, he was the original discoverer of the infinitesimal calculus.

Famous for his theory of evolution in which he wrote a full account of in his book entitled “On the Origin of Species.”

Theory of Evolution states that ...

An Austrian neurologist who is perhaps most known as the founder of psychoanalysis with his development of talk therapy as an approach to treating mental health problems.

Revolved around the three components of the mind, namely the id, ego, and superego.

Made up of the unconscious psychic energy that works to satisfy basic urges, needs, and desires.

Mediates the demands of the id, superego, and reality

Composed of people internalized ideals (what is right and what is wrong) acquired from parents and society and works to suppress the impulsive urges.

Marked a period of development in the latter period of the 18th century that transformed largely rural, agrarian societies in Europe and America into industrialized, urban ones.

The time when the manufacture of goods moved from small shops and homes to large factories. This brought about changes in culture as people moved from rural areas to big cities in order to work.

This revolution started in the Great Britain.

Three laws of Motion

Who is the first European to successfully use movable type printing?

How do you call the books printed using the presses in the beginning of the Gutenberg era?

What is the first book of any note to be printed with movable type printer?

When was the Gutenberg's Bible published?

When was democracy born and made an effect on society?

This revolution hallmark was the use of computers, internet, and other information technologies such as the World Wide Web .

In this revolution, the passing of information is much easier compared to the previous ones (e.g. via printing machines).

Began around the 1970s and is still going on today. It is also known as the computer age, digital age, or new media age .

This era brought about a time period in which people could access information and knowledge easily.

This brought about changes in the society from traditionally industrialized to one reliant on information computerization.

When was the modern computer born out of the urgent necessity after the 2nd world war?

Who designed a device called analytical engine earlier in the

Belief that various objects, places, and creatures possess distinctive spiritual qualities.

Spirit that associates with human between their worlds; they believe that spirits take control of what occurs in their surroundings.

Own script system of the Filipinos used for messages and letters.

Number of geographically scattered, self-sufficient, autonomous communities present all over the archipelago before Spaniards came.

Transportation used in Pre-colonial period for coastal trade.

The early Spanish chroniclers took note of the refined warship, these boats were well suited for inter-island trade raids.

During the pre-colonial period, where do Filipinos stay for settlement? (2)

During the pre-colonial period, this area is exposed to re sophisticated technology.

During the pre-colonial period, this area sticked to hunting.

During the pre-colonial period, this is the material the bees used to construct the walls of their hives, and this material was historically used in creating statues, bronze preservation, and even treating burns and wounds.

During the Spanish Regime, this kind of education was higly religous in nature.

>Provided by schools set up by the different religious orders and limited to the elite of the colonial society

College founded by Jesuits in Cebu City

College founded by the Dominicans

On the Spanish Regime, this were given in the 19th century, and included Science subjects such as physics, chemistry, natural history and mathematics.

Was pursued for the priesthood or for clerical positions in the colonial administration.

Was able to specialize in Ophthalmology in Spain and Germany.

Studied Engineering in Belgium.

Was able to study Medicine in Madrid

- Had a chance to get a degree in Pharmacy in Madrid - He was considered as one of the fiercest military men of his time.

Spaniards employed this system in which barangays were organized into fewer but larger more compact towns within the area of church bells.

>also known as >Teniente del >Barrio in Spanish, was the leader or chief of a barangay

After whom the Philippines was named, he decreed that the native nobility of the country should retain the honors and privileges they had before their conversion and subjection to the Spanish Crown.

The head of the town during the Spanish Regime.

Was created by royal decree but was only able to open in July 1889.

- Aimed to provide free primary education to Filipinos - Utilized >English as the >Primary mode of

Was established by the Americans and became the training ground for Filipino teachers.

Why was Philippine Normal School (PNS) called normal?

Private School Act that recognizes the increasing number of private schools as educational institutions.

Established to look into matters of improvement of private schools educational machinery

Was one of the main tools the Americans primarily utilized to establish the development of science and technology in the Philippines.

Why did the Philippines remained an exporter to U.S. of various agricultural crops and raw materials and an importer of U.S. manufactured products?

Marked the beginning of the country's transformation to a politically independent nation.

An independent cabinet-level agency of the Philippine government responsible for economic development and planning.

Philippine government-owned and controlled corporation that is mandated to provide electricity to all rural areas of the Philippines by 2025 (known as missionary electrification ), and to manage water resources for power generation, and to optimize the use of other power generating assets.

An agency of the Philippine Department of Agriculture responsible for promoting the accelerated growth and development of the fiber industry in the Philippines, such as abaca, also known as Manila hemp and cotton.

During the period of independence, it supervises the academic institutions

During the period of independence, they respond to increasing demands for Science and Technology.

make certain that all the S&T endeavors are directed toward the realization of economic and social benefits of mankind

Matatag, maginhawa at Panatag na buhay

One of the three pillars that enhance the social fabric.

One of the three pillars the reduce inequality

One of the three pillars that increase potential growth

The HNRDA is organized into 5 sectors:

- Water security - Food and Nutrition security - Health sufficiency - Clean energy - Sustainable community - Inclusive Nation-building

>TUBIG Program (Tubig ay Buhayin at Ingatan)

>SAPAT Program (Saganang Pagkain Para sa Lahat)

>LIKAS Program (Likas Yaman sa Kalusugan)

>ALERT Program (Alternative Energy Research Trends)

>SAKLAW Program (Saklolo sa Lawa)

>ATIN program (Ang Tinig Natin)

The collaborating agencies for health research and development agenda are the Philippine Council for Health Research and Development (PCHRD) under the DOST and the National Unified Health Research Agenda (NUHRA).

- It is the national roadmap for health research in the Philippines; - It provides focus and direction for health research and development efforts; - It guides policy makers, funding and donor agencies and researchers; - It provides evidence-based solutions to pressing health problems; and - It serves as basis for maximizing resource utilization and minimizing duplication of research efforts.

Sector that supports the use of advanced and emerging technologies such as biotechnology, genomics, bioinformatics, nanotechnology, nuclear technology, space technology, electronics and automation, and ICT as R&D tools to find S&T solutions to AANR problems or develop new products with significant potential impact to the sector.

Focus on food and nutrition security, countryside development, competitive industry, delivery of social services, intelligent transport solutions, renewable energy and energy storage solutions, and human security.

Directed toward observation and monitoring networks, technology development and application for monitoring, modelling and simulation for improvement of monitoring and forecasting; hazards vulnerability and risk assessment; warning and communication of information; technology development and application for climate change mitigation and adaptation; and technology development and application for disaster risk management.

Known as the Philippine Technology Transfer Act of 2009 which aims to provide a framework and support system for the ownership, management, use and commercialization of intellectual property resulting from research and development funded by the government.

Known as Science Act of 1958 which focuses on the integration, coordination, and intensification of scientific and technological research and development and fostering inventions, to provide funds and for other purposes.

Launched to motivate Filipinos to come back to Philippines to share their expertise.

- Has been tried in the fields of Pulilan, Bulacan; Victoria and Los Baños in Laguna; Cabanatuan, Nueva Ecija, and Iloilo. - This was distributed to farmers for free in 2016. - This 50-million worth program will benefit at least 30,000 hectares of our rice lands.

Created to enhance the efficiency of public mass transportation systems

>More accurate and responsive disaster prevention mitigation system

3D mapping program that uses LIDAR system to effectively and accurately measure critical flood elevation and depth