Hosam Mohamed-
NSAIDS, lithium, interferons, Denosumab(RANKL inhibitors)
Which drugs can cause Minimal Change disease? (4)
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children
Minimal Change disease is most common in _________.
-
onset edema & weight gain
How does Minimal change disease usually present itself?
-
Hematuria, RBC casts, elevated SCr, HTN
What are signs and symptoms of Nephritic syndrome? (4)
-
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercoaguable state, hyperlipidemia
What are signs and symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome? (4)
-
> 3.5 g/day
Proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome =
-
< 3 g/day
Proteinuria in Nephritic Syndrome =
-
foot process effacement; podocytes
In minimal change disease, ___________ is a notable sign on a microscope when examining the ________.
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prednisone
What is the 1st line therapy for Minimal Change Disease?
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c
Which can increase liver enzymes?
a) cyclophosphamide
b) mycophenolate mofetil
c) cyclosporine
d) corticosteroids
e) tacrolimus
f) rituximab
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prolonged bed rest, high dose steroids, post-surgery
Which patients with minimal change disease are at risk of hypercoagulability? (3)
-
hydralazine
Which anti-hypertensive can cause Lupus Nephritis?
-
butterfly rash/red patches, joint pain
What are the classic signs of Lupus?(2)
-
b
Which can cause leukopenia?
a) tacrolimus
b) azathioprine
c) mycophenolate mofetil
d) cyclophosphamide
e) hydroxychloroquine
-
b
Which can cause cancer?
a) tacrolimus
b) azathioprine
c) mycophenolate mofetil
d) cyclophosphamide
e) hydroxychloroquine
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e
Which can cause retinopathy?
a) tacrolimus
b) azathioprine
c) mycophenolate mofetil
d) cyclophosphamide
e) hydroxychloroquine
-
baseline eye exam within 6 months of starting then every year
What are the clinical guidelines for Hydroxychloroquine?
-
Imuran
Azathioprine Brand Name?
-
corticosteroids, RAAS blockade, diuretics
What are the treatment options for Minimal Change Disease? (3)
-
sodium restriction
What is the nonpharmacological recommendation for patients with Minimal
Change Disease?
-
less albumin; loops bind to albumin causing less drug to reach nephron; intestinal edema decreases GI absorption of loops
Why does Diuretic-Resistance occur in Nephrotic Syndrome? (2)
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combine diuretics with different MOA
How can we overcome diuretic-resistance in Nephrotic syndrome?
-
negative proteinuria
What is the confirmation of therapy success in Minimal Change Disease?
-
clinical feature + blood/urine tests + kidney biopsy
How is Lupus Nephritis diagnosed? (3
-
anti-ds antibodies, anti-smith antigen
Which serology findings are most specific to Lupus Nephritis? (2)
-
immunosuppression; mycophenolate or azathioprine
How do we treat Lupus Nephritis? (2)
