NSAIDS, lithium, interferons, Denosumab(RANKL inhibitors)
Which drugs can cause Minimal Change disease? (4)
children
Minimal Change disease is most common in _________.
onset edema & weight gain
How does Minimal change disease usually present itself?
Hematuria, RBC casts, elevated SCr, HTN
What are signs and symptoms of Nephritic syndrome? (4)
Proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercoaguable state, hyperlipidemia
What are signs and symptoms of Nephrotic syndrome? (4)
> 3.5 g/day
Proteinuria in Nephrotic Syndrome =
< 3 g/day
Proteinuria in Nephritic Syndrome =
foot process effacement; podocytes
In minimal change disease, ___________ is a notable sign on a microscope when examining the ________.
prednisone
What is the 1st line therapy for Minimal Change Disease?
c
Which can increase liver enzymes?
a) cyclophosphamide
b) mycophenolate mofetil
c) cyclosporine
d) corticosteroids
e) tacrolimus
f) rituximab
prolonged bed rest, high dose steroids, post-surgery
Which patients with minimal change disease are at risk of hypercoagulability? (3)
hydralazine
Which anti-hypertensive can cause Lupus Nephritis?
butterfly rash/red patches, joint pain
What are the classic signs of Lupus?(2)
b
Which can cause leukopenia?
a) tacrolimus
b) azathioprine
c) mycophenolate mofetil
d) cyclophosphamide
e) hydroxychloroquine
b
Which can cause cancer?
a) tacrolimus
b) azathioprine
c) mycophenolate mofetil
d) cyclophosphamide
e) hydroxychloroquine
e
Which can cause retinopathy?
a) tacrolimus
b) azathioprine
c) mycophenolate mofetil
d) cyclophosphamide
e) hydroxychloroquine
baseline eye exam within 6 months of starting then every year
What are the clinical guidelines for Hydroxychloroquine?
Imuran
Azathioprine Brand Name?
corticosteroids, RAAS blockade, diuretics
What are the treatment options for Minimal Change Disease? (3)
sodium restriction
What is the nonpharmacological recommendation for patients with Minimal
Change Disease?
less albumin; loops bind to albumin causing less drug to reach nephron; intestinal edema decreases GI absorption of loops
Why does Diuretic-Resistance occur in Nephrotic Syndrome? (2)
combine diuretics with different MOA
How can we overcome diuretic-resistance in Nephrotic syndrome?
negative proteinuria
What is the confirmation of therapy success in Minimal Change Disease?
clinical feature + blood/urine tests + kidney biopsy
How is Lupus Nephritis diagnosed? (3
anti-ds antibodies, anti-smith antigen
Which serology findings are most specific to Lupus Nephritis? (2)
immunosuppression; mycophenolate or azathioprine
How do we treat Lupus Nephritis? (2)