2021-06-23T20:27:51+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Solid - shape, volume and density, Liquid - shape, volume and density, Gas - shape, volume and density, Solid - gas, Solid - liquid, Liquid - solid, Liquid - gas, Gas - liquid, Gas - solid, Evaporation , Density, Density units, Mass units, volume units, Internal energy, Temperature, Potential energy, Specific heat capacity - description, Specific heat capacity - equation, Specific latent heat - description, Specific latent heat - equation, Latent heat of fusion (Lf), Latent heat of vaporistation (Lv), Why does the latent heat of vaporisation is always greater than the latent heat of fusion? flashcards

Physics - in book

Particle model of matter

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  • Solid - shape, volume and density
    - Fixed, fixed, higher
  • Liquid - shape, volume and density
    - Not fixed, fixed, medium
  • Gas - shape, volume and density
    - not fixed, not fixed, lowest
  • Solid - gas
    Sublimating
  • Solid - liquid
    Melting
  • Liquid - solid
    Freezing
  • Liquid - gas
    Evaporating/boiling
  • Gas - liquid
    Condensing
  • Gas - solid
    Sublimating
  • Evaporation
    - As a liquid warms up, the average speed of the molecules in it increases. - Not all the molecules in the liquid will be travelling at the same speed. - The faster molecules with more energy escape from the surface of the liquid, leaving behind the slower molecules with less energy.
  • Density
    - The density of an object is defined as the mass per unit volume. - P can stand for density - Equation: Density = mass/volume
  • Density units
    Kg/m3
  • Mass units
    kg
  • volume units
    m3
  • Internal energy
    - The particles in solids, liquids and gases have kinetic energy because they are always moving. - They also have potential energy because their motion keeps them separated. - The particles in gases have the most potential energy because they are the furthest apart. - The internal energy of a system is the total kinetic energy and the potential energy of all the particles in the system.
  • Temperature
    - Describes the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.
  • Potential energy
    - Particles can also have potential energy. When the bonds between particles are broken the particles gain potential energy. When new bonds are made between the particles they lose potential energy
  • Specific heat capacity - description
    The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature by 1 degreesC of 1kg of mass of the material.
  • Specific heat capacity - equation
    amount of energy = mass of material x SHC x temperature change in joules (J) in kilograms (kg) in degrees celsius
  • Specific latent heat - description
    - Specific latent heat is the amount of energy needed to COMPLETELY change the state of 1kg of a material without changing the temperature. - Latent heat is measured in joules per kilogram or J/Kg for short.
  • Specific latent heat - equation
    Amount of energy = mass of material x latent heat (E = mxl) in joules in kilograms in J/Kg
  • Latent heat of fusion (Lf)
    - The amount of energy needed to cause an object to melt.
  • Latent heat of vaporistation (Lv)
    - The amount of energy needed to cause an object to boil.
  • Why does the latent heat of vaporisation is always greater than the latent heat of fusion?
    - As more bonds need to be broken to turn a liquid into a gas (boiling) which requires more energy.