Physics - in book Test and Flashcards

Solid - shape, volume and density

- Fixed, fixed, higher

Liquid - shape, volume and density

- Not fixed, fixed, medium

Gas - shape, volume and density

- not fixed, not fixed, lowest

Solid - gas

Sublimating

Solid - liquid

Melting

Liquid - solid

Freezing

Liquid - gas

Evaporating/boiling

Gas - liquid

Condensing

Gas - solid

Sublimating

Evaporation

- As a liquid warms up, the average speed of the molecules in it increases. - Not all the molecules in the liquid will be travelling at the same speed. - The faster molecules with more energy escape from the surface of the liquid, leaving behind the slower molecules with less energy.

Density

- The density of an object is defined as the mass per unit volume. - P can stand for density - Equation: Density = mass/volume

Density units

Kg/m3

Mass units

kg

volume units

m3

Internal energy

- The particles in solids, liquids and gases have kinetic energy because they are always moving. - They also have potential energy because their motion keeps them separated. - The particles in gases have the most potential energy because they are the furthest apart. - The internal energy of a system is the total kinetic energy and the potential energy of all the particles in the system.

Temperature

- Describes the average kinetic energy of the particles in a substance.

Potential energy

- Particles can also have potential energy. When the bonds between particles are broken the particles gain potential energy. When new bonds are made between the particles they lose potential energy

Specific heat capacity - description

The specific heat capacity is the amount of energy needed to change the temperature by 1 degreesC of 1kg of mass of the material.

Specific heat capacity - equation

amount of energy = mass of material x SHC x temperature change in joules (J) in kilograms (kg) in degrees celsius

Specific latent heat - description

- Specific latent heat is the amount of energy needed to COMPLETELY change the state of 1kg of a material without changing the temperature. - Latent heat is measured in joules per kilogram or J/Kg for short.

Specific latent heat - equation

Amount of energy = mass of material x latent heat (E = mxl) in joules in kilograms in J/Kg

Latent heat of fusion (Lf)

- The amount of energy needed to cause an object to melt.

Latent heat of vaporistation (Lv)

- The amount of energy needed to cause an object to boil.

Why does the latent heat of vaporisation is always greater than the latent heat of fusion?

- As more bonds need to be broken to turn a liquid into a gas (boiling) which requires more energy.

Flashcards: Physics - in book