2024-12-04T03:01:43+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Vomiting (emesis) is the ___.</p>, <p>What is <strong>bulimia</strong>?</p>, <p>Describe the different types of blood in the stool.</p>, <p>What are some causes for dsyphagia?</p>, <p>What is <strong>gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)</strong>?</p>, <p>Chronic gastritis is characterized by ___.</p>, <p>How do you treat chronic gastritis?</p>, <p>What damage to the mucosal barrier do?</p>, <p>What are some complications of peptic ulcers?</p>, <p>What are some risk factors for gallstones?</p>, <p>What are the three stages of hepatitis?</p>, <p>What is <strong>cirrhosis</strong>?</p>, <p>What is <strong>biliary and postnecrotic cirrhosis</strong>?</p>, <p>Why is blood supply to the liver interfered with in cirrhosis?</p>, <p>What happens in third-stage cirrhosis?</p>, <p>Describe the first two stages of cirrhosis.</p>, <p>Pancreatitis results in the autodigestion of the tissue. Why?</p>, <p>Celiac disease prevents further digestion of ___ (breakdown product of gluten).</p>, <p>What are some chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)?</p>, <p>What region does crohn's and ulcerative colitis typically affect?</p>, <p>What is a characteristic of the lesions present in chron's?</p>, <p>In chron's, inflammation stimulates ___.</p>, <p>What is <strong>diverticular disease</strong>?</p>, <p>What is an <strong>anal fistula</strong>?</p> flashcards
Pathophysiology, Chp. 17 - Digestive System Disorders

Pathophysiology, Chp. 17 - Digestive System Disorders

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  • Vomiting (emesis) is the ___.

    Vomiting is the forceful expulsion of chyme from the stomach.

  • What is bulimia?

    An eating disorder where the person binges then proceeding to throw everything up (to prevent absorbing calories).

  • Describe the different types of blood in the stool.

    Frank blood: fresh, red blood, not digested and usually indicates lesions in the rectum or anal canal.

    Occult blood: small, hidden amounts of blood that aren't visible to the eye but only in tests. Small ulcers in the stomach or small intestine.

    Melena: dark-colored stool from significant bleeding.

  • What are some causes for dsyphagia?

    Fibrosis - scar tissue contracts

    Compression - ex. from a tumor

    Diverticulum - accumulated food in the pouch obstructs the flow of food down the esophagus

  • What is gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)?

    A periodic reflux of the contents of the stomach (which contains bile) into the esophagus causing erosion and inflammation.

  • Chronic gastritis is characterized by ___.

    the atrophy of stomach mucosa.

  • How do you treat chronic gastritis?

    Antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors.

  • What damage to the mucosal barrier do?

    It predisposes to development of ulcers.

  • What are some complications of peptic ulcers?

    - hemorrhage

    - perforation

    - obstruction

  • What are some risk factors for gallstones?

    - obesity

    - hemolytic anemia

    - high cholesterol in bile

  • What are the three stages of hepatitis?

    1. preicteric

    2. icteric

    3. posticteric - recovery

  • What is cirrhosis?

    A progressive destruction of the liver, when 80-90% of the liver has been destroyed.

  • What is biliary and postnecrotic cirrhosis?

    Biliary: associated with immune disorders

    Postnecrotic: linked with chronic hepatitis

  • Why is blood supply to the liver interfered with in cirrhosis?

    Due to the increasing fibrosis of the tissue (scar tissue doesn't have any capillaries).

  • What happens in third-stage cirrhosis?

    Also known as end-stage; where the entire liver tissue has been replaced with fibrotic tissue --> little to no function.

  • Describe the first two stages of cirrhosis.

    1. Initial stage: accumulation of fat in liver cells --> fatty liver. Hepatomegaly, can be reversed.

    2. Second stage/alcoholic hepatitis: inflammation and cell necrosis occur --> formation of fibrous tissue.

  • Pancreatitis results in the autodigestion of the tissue. Why?

    Because the organ lacks a fibrous capsule to protect itself (which would've contained the effects of autodigestion).

  • Celiac disease prevents further digestion of ___ (breakdown product of gluten).

    Celiac disease prevents further digestion of gliaden (breakdown product of gluten).

  • What are some chronic inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs)?

    - chron's

    - ulcerative colitis

  • What region does crohn's and ulcerative colitis typically affect?

  • What is a characteristic of the lesions present in chron's?

    Skip lesions - lesions with normal tissue separating each one.

    Skip lesions - lesions with normal tissue separating each one.

  • In chron's, inflammation stimulates ___.

    intestinal motility.

  • What is diverticular disease?

    The development of diverticula (pouches in the intestine).

  • What is an anal fistula?

    Wherein a new tract is formed from the anus to another area.