Damien Soubassis-
What is methyl, primary, secondary and tertiary?
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What is an allylic group?
an allylic group is adjacent to a double bond. (allylic chloride, allylic alcohol, allylic hydrogen, etc)
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What is an benzylic group?
an benzylic group is adjacent to an aromatic ring. (benzylic chloride, benzylic alcohol, benzylic hydrogen, etc)
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What is vinyl group?
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What is the hydrolysis reaction?
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What is a solvolysis reaction?
figure it out
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1) What is the relationship between resonance structures and stability of the intermediary? 2) How does the stability of the intermediary affect the % output of products? 3) How does stability of charge affect energy requirements?
1) Some resonance structures are more stable than others. The stable ones are more likely. 2) if a resonance structure is stable (charge on a tertiary carbon rather than a primary carbon for example), then that resonance structure is more probable. Thus it will react and form a product instead of the less likely resonance structure reacting and forming a product. (see lec2 pg1 notes for visual) 3) Less energy is required for a reaction, if the products of the reaction are stable. Resonance is a stabilizing factor.
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1) What is deprotonation? 2) What is hydrogen abstraction?
1) Removing a hydrogen where the 2 electrons that bonded the hydrogen & carbon stay with the carbon. 2) Removing a hydrogen where one electron goes with the hydrogen, and the other electron stays with the carbon, forming two radicals.
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radical mechanism and its indication
hv (light) is the indication.
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How does resonance affect acidity?
More possible resonance structures -> more stable charge -> easier to give H away thus more acidic
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Write out the gignard rxn. Solvent specs? Steps?
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SN1, SN2, E1, E2 reaction mechs
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Why do acidic beta-hydrogens increase rate of E2 rxn?
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How do allylic and benzylic vs their counterparts affect SN2 reactivity rate?
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Allylic/Benzylic oxidation reaction mech
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What is an aryl/vinyl halide? What is a phenol?
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Why do Vinyl halides not undergo SN1 SN2 reactions?
Vinyl Halides dont bc the carbon attached to halide is sp2 hybridized, so 33% s character which is strong. Also, going from sp2 to sp for a SN1 or 2 reaction requires alot of energy. Also, this would involve a cation, in a high electron dense area. Not likely!
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Why do Aryl halides not undergo SN1 SN2 reactions?
Also, this would involve a cation, in a high electron dense area. Not likely!
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elimination reactions of vinyl halides
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EWG (electron withdrawing group) effect of SnAr rate? Which positions have an effect?
meta position cannot resonate/stabilize charge from Nuc. so thus doesnt accelerate reaction
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Why is Florine the most reactive halogen for SnAr?
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SnAr mechanism and Meisenheimer complex
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The Heck reaction mech
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Phenol chemistry
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Palladium catalyst reactions
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functional group effects on pKa
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Synthesis of Aldehydes and ketones 1) Oxidation of alcohols - you need a hydrogen to remove from the carbon!
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Swern Oxidation
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Reductions of Aldehydes and Ketones - How to make C=O ----> to C-OH
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Des Martin Oxidation
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Jones Oxidation Mech
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PCC oxidation mech
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Friedel - Craft Acylation (installs carbonyl onto rings like benzene)
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Hydration of Alkynes mech:
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Hydration of Alkenes (Wacker Oxidation) - C=C to C=O
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Hydroboration Oxidation
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Ozonolysis of Alkenes
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Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
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Pinacol reaction
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Reversible addition rxns for aldehydes and ketones + HCN and H2O
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Aldehydes and Ketones reactivity with respect to steric and inductive (and resonance) effects of R groups
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Grignard rnxs with aldehydes and ketones
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OrganoLithiums and OrganoSodiums to go from C=O to C-OH
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Preparation of Organometallic reagents
