What is methyl, primary, secondary and tertiary?
What is an allylic group?
an allylic group is adjacent to a double bond. (allylic chloride, allylic alcohol, allylic hydrogen, etc)
What is an benzylic group?
an benzylic group is adjacent to an aromatic ring. (benzylic chloride, benzylic alcohol, benzylic hydrogen, etc)
What is vinyl group?
What is the hydrolysis reaction?
What is a solvolysis reaction?
figure it out
1) What is the relationship between resonance structures and stability of the intermediary? 2) How does the stability of the intermediary affect the % output of products? 3) How does stability of charge affect energy requirements?
1) Some resonance structures are more stable than others. The stable ones are more likely. 2) if a resonance structure is stable (charge on a tertiary carbon rather than a primary carbon for example), then that resonance structure is more probable. Thus it will react and form a product instead of the less likely resonance structure reacting and forming a product. (see lec2 pg1 notes for visual) 3) Less energy is required for a reaction, if the products of the reaction are stable. Resonance is a stabilizing factor.
1) What is deprotonation? 2) What is hydrogen abstraction?
1) Removing a hydrogen where the 2 electrons that bonded the hydrogen & carbon stay with the carbon. 2) Removing a hydrogen where one electron goes with the hydrogen, and the other electron stays with the carbon, forming two radicals.
radical mechanism and its indication
hv (light) is the indication.
How does resonance affect acidity?
More possible resonance structures -> more stable charge -> easier to give H away thus more acidic
Write out the gignard rxn. Solvent specs? Steps?
SN1, SN2, E1, E2 reaction mechs
Why do acidic beta-hydrogens increase rate of E2 rxn?
How do allylic and benzylic vs their counterparts affect SN2 reactivity rate?
Allylic/Benzylic oxidation reaction mech
What is an aryl/vinyl halide? What is a phenol?
Why do Vinyl halides not undergo SN1 SN2 reactions?
Vinyl Halides dont bc the carbon attached to halide is sp2 hybridized, so 33% s character which is strong. Also, going from sp2 to sp for a SN1 or 2 reaction requires alot of energy. Also, this would involve a cation, in a high electron dense area. Not likely!
Why do Aryl halides not undergo SN1 SN2 reactions?
Also, this would involve a cation, in a high electron dense area. Not likely!
elimination reactions of vinyl halides
EWG (electron withdrawing group) effect of SnAr rate? Which positions have an effect?
meta position cannot resonate/stabilize charge from Nuc. so thus doesnt accelerate reaction
Why is Florine the most reactive halogen for SnAr?
SnAr mechanism and Meisenheimer complex
The Heck reaction mech
Phenol chemistry
Palladium catalyst reactions
functional group effects on pKa
Synthesis of Aldehydes and ketones 1) Oxidation of alcohols - you need a hydrogen to remove from the carbon!
Swern Oxidation
Reductions of Aldehydes and Ketones - How to make C=O ----> to C-OH
Des Martin Oxidation
Jones Oxidation Mech
PCC oxidation mech
Friedel - Craft Acylation (installs carbonyl onto rings like benzene)
Hydration of Alkynes mech:
Hydration of Alkenes (Wacker Oxidation) - C=C to C=O
Hydroboration Oxidation
Ozonolysis of Alkenes
Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones
Pinacol reaction
Reversible addition rxns for aldehydes and ketones + HCN and H2O
Aldehydes and Ketones reactivity with respect to steric and inductive (and resonance) effects of R groups
Grignard rnxs with aldehydes and ketones
OrganoLithiums and OrganoSodiums to go from C=O to C-OH
Preparation of Organometallic reagents
