2023-09-13T04:09:53+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>sympathetic outflow; RAAS</p>, <p>increased sympathetic outflow </p>, <p>tachycardia, increased contractility/ vascular tone </p>, <p>decreased ejection fraction &amp; cardiac output </p>, <p>increased stroke volume, cardiac output, wall stress</p>, <p>renin release; Ang II ; myocardial hypertrophy </p>, <p>Na/water retention; K+ &amp; Mg++ losses </p>, <p>Chymase </p>, <p>f; is also regulated by plasma Na+ and K+</p>, <p>hyperkalemia </p>, <p>a</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>f; prodrug</p>, <p>neprilysin</p>, <p>vasodilation, low bp, reduced sympathetic tone, reduced aldosterone, natriuresis/diuresis </p>, <p>inhibits RAAS and preserves natriuretic peptides; potentiating beneficial effects of ANP &amp; BNP</p>, <p>kidney-diuretic; vessels- vasodilation; heart- antihypertrophic, antifibrotic </p>, <p>sacubitril increases bradykinin; so that + an ACEi will lead to angioedema </p>, <p>a, c</p>, <p>b,d </p>, <p>nonselective B blocker; a1 receptor antagonist </p>, <p>b</p>, <p>c</p>, <p>d</p>, <p>reduce HR, force, conduction, decrease O2 demand, less renin release</p>, <p>prevents the overstimulation of SNS</p> flashcards
Neurohormonal Modulation (Pharmacology)

Neurohormonal Modulation (Pharmacology)

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  • sympathetic outflow; RAAS

    What are the two main compensatory mechanisms in HF?

  • increased sympathetic outflow

    Decreased baroreceptor input to vasomotor center leads to _______.

  • tachycardia, increased contractility/ vascular tone

    Increased sympathetic outflow leads to ? (2)

  • decreased ejection fraction & cardiac output

    Increased afterload leads to? (2)

  • increased stroke volume, cardiac output, wall stress

    Increased preload leads to? (3)

  • renin release; Ang II ; myocardial hypertrophy

    Decreased blood flow will cause a release of _______ that will be converted into ________, a potent vasoconstrictor. All of this can lead to _________.

  • Na/water retention; K+ & Mg++ losses

    Aldosterone effects on electrolytes?

  • Chymase

    - an enzyme that can also convert Ang I; failure to inhibit this enzyme can

    result in aldosterone escape.

  • f; is also regulated by plasma Na+ and K+

    Aldosterone secretion is only regulated by Ang II. T/F?

  • hyperkalemia

    What can using an ACEi and MRA lead to?

  • a

    Which is a competitive aldosterone antagonist?

    a) spironolactone

    b) eplerenone

  • a

    Which is a synthetic steroid?

    a) spironolactone

    b) eplerenone

  • b

    Which is more selective?

    a) spironolactone

    b) eplerenone

  • a

    Which has a slower onset/offset of action?

    a) spironolactone

    b) eplerenone

  • b

    Which is metabolized by CYP3A4?

    a) spironolactone

    b) eplerenone

  • f; prodrug

    Sacubitril is an orally active drug. T/F?

  • neprilysin

    - peptidase that degrades and inactivates natriuretic peptides, bradykinin, and substance P.

  • vasodilation, low bp, reduced sympathetic tone, reduced aldosterone, natriuresis/diuresis

    Natriuretic Peptides lead to what? (5)

  • inhibits RAAS and preserves natriuretic peptides; potentiating beneficial effects of ANP & BNP

    Entresto MOA?

  • kidney-diuretic; vessels- vasodilation; heart- antihypertrophic, antifibrotic

    What organs does Entresto affect?

  • sacubitril increases bradykinin; so that + an ACEi will lead to angioedema

    When developing the ARNI combination, why did they choose Valsartan to inhibit RAAS instead of an ACEi?

  • a, c

    Where are B1 adrenergic receptors located?

    a) heart

    b) lungs

    c) macula densa (kidney)

    d) visceral organs

  • b,d

    Where are B2 adrenergic receptors located?

    a) heart

    b) lungs

    c) macula densa (kidney)

    d) visceral organs

  • nonselective B blocker; a1 receptor antagonist

    Carvedilol is a ________ & ________.

  • b

    Which is metabolized by CYP2D6?

    a) carvedilol

    b) metoprolol

    c) bisoprolol

    d) nebivolol

  • c

    Which has the longest half life?

    a) carvedilol

    b) metoprolol

    c) bisoprolol

    d) nebivolol

  • d

    Which can release NO for vasodilation?

    a) carvedilol

    b) metoprolol

    c) bisoprolol

    d) nebivolol

  • reduce HR, force, conduction, decrease O2 demand, less renin release

    What are the effects of B-Blockers? (5)

  • prevents the overstimulation of SNS

    Why are BB's useful in HF?