Natural products & Alternative Medicine

-evolution of metabolites over millennia to be developed as new drugs

Which class of natural product comes from all sources EXCEPT plants?

a) peptides

b) polyketide

c) isoprenoids

d) alkaloids

e) purine/pyrimidine

f) aminoglycosides

g) phenylpropanoids

Which class of natural product comes from bacteria and marine organisms?

a) peptides

b) polyketide

c) isoprenoids

d) alkaloids

e) purine/pyrimidine

f) aminoglycosides

g) phenylpropanoids

Which class of natural product is produced by all sources?

a) peptides

b) polyketide

c) isoprenoids

d) alkaloids

e) purine/pyrimidine

f) aminoglycosides

g) phenylpropanoids

Which class of natural product is produced by plants and fungi?

a) peptides

b) polyketide

c) isoprenoids

d) alkaloids

e) purine/pyrimidine

f) aminoglycosides

g) phenylpropanoids

Which era of natural product discovery was NOT hypothesis driven?

Which era of natural product discovery utilized known knowledge of biochemical pathways?

Which era of natural product discovery utilized biotechnology?

-must provide food of efficacy

-must provide proof of safety

-created the definitions for "adulteration" and " misbranding"

-required labeling of ingredients as "addictive" or "dangerous"

-vitamins were not included as they were not discovered yet

-definitions for identity and quality, regulation of dispensing and approval of materials

-must be clear definitions of "food", drug, or cosmetic

-Introduced requirement for supplements to be labeled as a special category of food and requirement for a supplement label

-a non-mainstream practice used together with conventional medicine

-a non-mainstream practice used in the place of conventional medicine

-combines complementary and conventional approaches

-largest areas of recent growth: pain management, cancer treatment, promoting healthy behaviors

-improved memory and cognition in young school children

-may ease IBS symptoms

-potentially effective for mild to moderate acne

•Daily consumption of 60mL for 90 days associated with normalized blood sugar levels with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus

-traditionally used for common cold, topically for wounds, stimulates the immune system

-taking it while healthy could reduce chances of catching a cold

-cold and flu, anti-inflammatory

-support upper digestive activity through 4 mechanisms: cephalic vagal reflex, local reflex, alcohol, and hyperemia (improved blood circulation).

-Supports the body’s adrenal glands, reduces stress, helps the body to adapt/acclimate to physical/biological/environmental stressors, boosts mental performance, restores balance

-decreases stress significantly vs. placebo

-can weaken effects of MANY medications, life threatening increase of Serotonin

-potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6

-traditionally used for memory disorders and brain function

-may improve balance/stability in older people and those with parkinson's

-reduces stress/anxiety/depression

-may reduce chronic neck pain