Privileged scaffold theory
-evolution of metabolites over millennia to be developed as new drugs
b
Which class of natural product comes from all sources EXCEPT plants?
a) peptides
b) polyketide
c) isoprenoids
d) alkaloids
e) purine/pyrimidine
f) aminoglycosides
g) phenylpropanoids
a
Which class of natural product comes from bacteria and marine organisms?
a) peptides
b) polyketide
c) isoprenoids
d) alkaloids
e) purine/pyrimidine
f) aminoglycosides
g) phenylpropanoids
c
Which class of natural product is produced by all sources?
a) peptides
b) polyketide
c) isoprenoids
d) alkaloids
e) purine/pyrimidine
f) aminoglycosides
g) phenylpropanoids
d
Which class of natural product is produced by plants and fungi?
a) peptides
b) polyketide
c) isoprenoids
d) alkaloids
e) purine/pyrimidine
f) aminoglycosides
g) phenylpropanoids
grind and find
Which era of natural product discovery was NOT hypothesis driven?
genomics era
Which era of natural product discovery utilized known knowledge of biochemical pathways?
post-genomics era
Which era of natural product discovery utilized biotechnology?
Kefauver-harris amendment
-must provide food of efficacy
-must provide proof of safety
1906: Pure food and drug act
-created the definitions for "adulteration" and " misbranding"
-required labeling of ingredients as "addictive" or "dangerous"
-vitamins were not included as they were not discovered yet
Food drug and cosmetic act
-definitions for identity and quality, regulation of dispensing and approval of materials
-must be clear definitions of "food", drug, or cosmetic
DSHEA
-Introduced requirement for supplements to be labeled as a special category of food and requirement for a supplement label
complementary medicine
-a non-mainstream practice used together with conventional medicine
alternative medicine
-a non-mainstream practice used in the place of conventional medicine
integrative health
-combines complementary and conventional approaches
-largest areas of recent growth: pain management, cancer treatment, promoting healthy behaviors
rosemary
-improved memory and cognition in young school children
peppermint
-may ease IBS symptoms
tea tree oil
-potentially effective for mild to moderate acne
kombucha
•Daily consumption of 60mL for 90 days associated with normalized blood sugar levels with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus
purpurea
-traditionally used for common cold, topically for wounds, stimulates the immune system
-taking it while healthy could reduce chances of catching a cold
black elderberry
-cold and flu, anti-inflammatory
bitters
-support upper digestive activity through 4 mechanisms: cephalic vagal reflex, local reflex, alcohol, and hyperemia (improved blood circulation).
adaptogens
-Supports the body’s adrenal glands, reduces stress, helps the body to adapt/acclimate to physical/biological/environmental stressors, boosts mental performance, restores balance
ashwagandha
-decreases stress significantly vs. placebo
st john's wort
-can weaken effects of MANY medications, life threatening increase of Serotonin
goldenseal
-potent inhibitor of CYP3A4 and CYP2D6
ginko
-traditionally used for memory disorders and brain function
tai chi
-may improve balance/stability in older people and those with parkinson's
-reduces stress/anxiety/depression
qi gong
-may reduce chronic neck pain