2024-08-20T17:04:29+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Genome, Chromosomes, Gene, Homologues pair, Gonosomes, Ploidy, Haploid, Diploid, Karyotype, Autosomes, Miosis, Aneuploidy, Trisomy, Tetrasomy, <p>Non-disjunction</p>, Syndrome, Phenotype, Spermatogenesis, Oogenesis, Somatic, Random assortment, Cytokinesis, Crossing over, Random fertilization, Polyploidy, Deletion, Duplication, Translocation flashcards

MIOSIS

gr12 miosis

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  • Genome
    complete complement of an organism's DNA
  • Chromosomes
    carry genes (chain of DNA with group of stabilizing proteins)
  • Gene
    "Unit of heredity" made of DNA
  • Homologues pair
    a matched pair of maternal and paternal chromosomes are called homologues
  • Gonosomes
    the sex chromosomes
  • Ploidy
    refers to the number of sets of homologous chromosomes in cells
  • Haploid
    one copy of each chromosome designated as "n" (gametes)
  • Diploid
    two copies (= pair) of each chromosome designated as "2n" (somatic cells)
  • Karyotype
    the complete set of all chromosomes of a cell of any living organism
  • Autosomes
    the non-sex chromosomes
  • Miosis
    a reduction division
  • Aneuploidy
    a condition where one or more chromosomes are missing from or added to the normal somatic cell chromosome number (result from non-disjunction)
  • Trisomy
    three homologues
  • Tetrasomy
    four homologues

  • Non-disjunction

    where chromosomes or chromatids fail to separate during anaphase

  • Syndrome
    when there are multiple symptoms from one condition
  • Phenotype
    affecting physical appearance
  • Spermatogenesis
    production of sperm in the testes
  • Oogenesis
    maturation of egg cells in the ovary
  • Somatic
    all cells which are not reproductive cells
  • Random assortment
    when the homologous chromosomes line up upon the equator in an unknown order
  • Cytokinesis
    single cell pinches in the middle to form two daughter cells
  • Crossing over
    the exchange of genetic information between chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity
  • Random fertilization
    a random sperm which is genetically different will fuse with a randomly selected ovum
  • Polyploidy
    having three homologous chromosomes instead of two
  • Deletion
    a portion of a chromosome is lost during cell division this chromosome is now missing genes and is usually fatal
  • Duplication
    if a fragment joins the homologous chromosome then that region is repeated
  • Translocation
    a fragment of a chromosome is moved from one chromosome to another can alter phenotype