Back
Flashcards: MIOSIS
Genome
complete complement of an organism's DNA
Chromosomes
carry genes (chain of DNA with group of stabilizing proteins)
Gene
"Unit of heredity" made of DNA
Homologues pair
a matched pair of maternal and paternal chromosomes are called homologues
Gonosomes
the sex chromosomes
Ploidy
refers to the number of sets of homologous chromosomes in cells
Haploid
one copy of each chromosome designated as "n" (gametes)
Diploid
two copies (= pair) of each chromosome designated as "2n" (somatic cells)
Karyotype
the complete set of all chromosomes of a cell of any living organism
Autosomes
the non-sex chromosomes
Miosis
a reduction division
Aneuploidy
a condition where one or more chromosomes are missing from or added to the normal somatic cell chromosome number (result from non-disjunction)
Trisomy
three homologues
Tetrasomy
four homologues
Non-disjunction
where chromosomes or chromatids fail to separate during anaphase
Syndrome
when there are multiple symptoms from one condition
Phenotype
affecting physical appearance
Spermatogenesis
production of sperm in the testes
Oogenesis
maturation of egg cells in the ovary
Somatic
all cells which are not reproductive cells
Random assortment
when the homologous chromosomes line up upon the equator in an unknown order
Cytokinesis
single cell pinches in the middle to form two daughter cells
Crossing over
the exchange of genetic information between chromosomes to ensure genetic diversity
Random fertilization
a random sperm which is genetically different will fuse with a randomly selected ovum
Polyploidy
having three homologous chromosomes instead of two
Deletion
a portion of a chromosome is lost during cell division this chromosome is now missing genes and is usually fatal
Duplication
if a fragment joins the homologous chromosome then that region is repeated
Translocation
a fragment of a chromosome is moved from one chromosome to another can alter phenotype