2022-09-05T03:27:27+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Pharmacokinetics </p>, <p>Absorption</p>, <p>Distribution</p>, <p>Metabolism</p>, <p>Excretion</p>, <p>Hydrophilic </p>, <p>Lipophilic </p>, <p>Hydrophobic</p>, <p>Lipophobic</p>, <p>Log P</p>, <p>Active transport</p>, <p>Passive diffusion</p>, <p>Drug transport</p>, <p>Aqueous diffusion</p>, <p>Lipid diffusion</p>, <p>large or insoluble </p>, <p>Endocytosis and exocytosis</p>, <p>small, lipophilic, and unionized </p>, <p>paracellular transport</p>, <p>Leaky membranes</p>, <p>Well-knit membranes</p>, <p>Tight-knit membranes</p>, <p>active transporters</p>, <p>ATP binding cassette </p>, <p>Solute Carrier (SLC)</p>, <p>IV, inhaled, IM, oral, dermal</p>, <p>systemic absorption</p>, <p>Parenteral administration </p>, <p>leaky structures, intestinal epithelium</p>, <p>True</p>, <p>oral administration </p>, <p>GI tract</p>, <p>blood flow, gastric emptying, transit times, pH</p>, <p>CYP3A4</p>, <p>First pass effect</p>, <p>Efflux transporters</p>, <p>paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, digoxin</p>, <p>Grapefruit</p>, <p>Additives</p>, <p>enteric coating </p>, <p>Sustained drug release</p> flashcards
Membrane Transport & Drug Absorption

Membrane Transport & Drug Absorption

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  • Pharmacokinetics

    is the study of the movement of drugs within the body

  • Absorption

    movement of a drug from site application into bloodstream

  • Distribution

    movement of a drug from the blood stream to a target or location in the body

  • Metabolism

    transformation, activation, or detoxification of a drug by an enzyme

  • Excretion

    elimination of a drug from the body

  • Hydrophilic

    water lover & water soluble

  • Lipophilic

    lipid-loving & lipid soluble

  • Hydrophobic

    fearing water and water insoluble

  • Lipophobic

    fearing lipid

  • Log P

    partition coefficient

  • Active transport

    energy expended during transport

  • Passive diffusion

    no energy expended during transfer

  • Drug transport

    movement of drugs across cell membranes or barriers

  • Aqueous diffusion

    -movement through the gaps between cells

    -driven by concentration gradient

  • Lipid diffusion

    -movement determined by lipid aqeuous partition coefficient

  • large or insoluble

    Active transport is required for ______ molecules to pass through the cell membrane

  • Endocytosis and exocytosis

    movement of large molecules by creating vesicle using the cell membrane

  • small, lipophilic, and unionized

    Which types of molecules diffuse across the cell membranes easily?

  • paracellular transport

    small molecules diffuse across loosely-knit (leaky) membranes by ____

  • Leaky membranes

    transport is independent of lipophilicity, charge, and molecular size

  • Well-knit membranes

    transport is affected by lipophiliicty, charge, and molecule size

  • Tight-knit membranes

    transport is highly dependent on lipophilicity, charge, and molecular size

  • active transporters

    -allow molecules with poor physiochemical properties to cross membranes easily

    -widely expressed throughout the body

  • ATP binding cassette

    -ATP hydrolysis

    -Efflux

    -P-glycoprotein

    -Multidrug resistance proteins (MRP)

  • Solute Carrier (SLC)

    -facilitative or secondarily-active

    -influx

  • IV, inhaled, IM, oral, dermal

    Rate routes of administration based from fastest to slowest

  • systemic absorption

    the movement of unchanged drug from the extravascular site of administration across biological barriers into the systemic circulation

  • Parenteral administration

    fastest & second most common route of administration

  • leaky structures, intestinal epithelium

    Blood capillary membranes in the subcutaneous tissue and muscles have ____ and more permeable than the _______

  • True

    Proteins and large polypeptides have difficulty going across capillary membranes due to large molecular size. T/F?

  • oral administration

    most popular route

  • GI tract

    influences rate and extent of absorption

  • blood flow, gastric emptying, transit times, pH

    Physiologic factors that influence drug absorption:

  • CYP3A4

    the main enzyme for drug metabolism (small intestine)

  • First pass effect

    the reduction in oral bioavailability due to metabolism in the GI tract and liver following oral adminstration

  • Efflux transporters

    -reduces absorption and decrease bioavailability

    -drugs are effluxed back into the intestinal lumen and excreted out of the body

  • paclitaxel, docetaxel, doxorubicin, digoxin

    Drugs that are not orally bioavailable due to P-gp pumps (efflux transporters)

  • Grapefruit

    Which type of juice inhibits CYP3A4 in the intestine and liver?

  • Additives

    -alters the location of disintegration of drugs

    -increases or decreases rate of absorption

  • enteric coating

    absorption from the small intestines ONLY

  • Sustained drug release

    slow drug release