Alliyah Evangelista-
What do hormones do?
Gives instructions for an organ to do something.
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How do hormones bind to a receptor?
Like a lock and key.
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What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine glands?
Endocrine - end/o = within, -crine = to secrete. Secretes their hormones directly into the bloodstream without ducts.
Exocrine - exo = outside. Secretes through ducts opening into the surface rather than the bloodstream (sweat).
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What is a target tissue?
Cells of an organ that is affected by a hormone.
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aden/o
gland (adenoma)
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combining form of adrenal glands
andrenal/o
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combining form of sex glands (ovaries and testes)
gonad/o
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thyroid/o, thyr/o
thyroid
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combining form of parathyroid gland
parathyroid/o
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pituitar/o
pituitary gland; hypophysis
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Where are adrenal glands located?
Top of each kidney.
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What does the adrenal cortex (outer part) secrete?
Steroids which are used in metabolism, and anti-inflammation in the body.
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What does the adrenal medulla (inner part) secrete?
Epinephrine and norepinephrine (adrenaline and noradrenaline)
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What hormones do the ovaries secrete and what do they do?
- estrogen: female sexual characteristics
- progesterone: maintains pregnancy
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What hormone do the testes secrete and what do they do?
- testosterone: male sexual characteristics
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The pancreas has an exocrine and endocrine function. True or false?
True
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What is the endocrine function of the pancreas?
Releases insulin; which promotes movement of glucose into cells and promotes storage as glycogen.
Releases glucagon; promotes movement of glucose into the blood by breaking down glycogen stored in the liver cells.
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What are the hormones secreted by the thyroid gland?
- T4 (thyroxine or tetraiodothyronine)
- T3 (triiodothyronine)
- calcitonin
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What do T4, T3 and calcitonin do?
Aids in the uptake in O2 and regulation of the metabolic rate.
Calcitonin stimulates calcium to enter the bone and leave blood.
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Where are the parathyroid glands located?
Dorsal aspect of the thyroid.
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What does the parathyroid hormone (PTH) do?
It causes calcium to leave the bone and go into the bloodstream.
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Deficiency in PTH causes what?
Hypoparathyroidism; blood calcium levels fall and bones become harder and bone mass increases.
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What structure of the diancephalon controls the secretions of the pituitary gland?
hypothalamus
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What does the pituitary gland do?
Releases hormones that stimulate other organs to produce hormones -- the "master" gland.
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andr/o
male (androgens are a male hormone)
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combining form of calcium
calc/o, calici/o
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dips/o
thirst (polydipsia, symptom of diabetes)
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estr/o
female (estrogen, female hormone)
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combining form of sameness
home/o
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combining form of hormone
hormon/o
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combining form of sodium
natr/o
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suffix for blood condition
-emia
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suffix for a substance
-in, -ine
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suffix for stimulating the function of
-tropin
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suffix for urine condition
-uria
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What is the exocrine function of the pancreas?
Secreting enzymes into the small intestines.
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prefix of good, normal
eu-
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prefix for all
pan-
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prefix for four
tetra (T4)
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What term means surgical excision of the adrenal gland (specifically)?
adrenalectomy
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How do goiters occur?
They are enlargements of the thyroid and can be caused due to lack of iodine in the diet.
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Why does the thyroid need iodine?
Because iodine is important for the creation of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism.
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What does hyperparathyroidism entail?
- loss of bone density
- kidney stones
- hypercalcemia (high levels of calcium in blood)
- osteoporosis
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What does hyperinsulinism entail?
Lots of insulin, thus plenty of glucose will entering the cells with low amounts in the blood. Which will lead to: hypoglycemia
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What is the difference between type 1 and type 2 diabetes?
Type 1: rapid, onset, before 30. reliance on insulin for treatment
Type 2: insulin is still present, gradual. can be treated with a balanced diet or weight loss.
