2024-09-17T21:34:10+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true Behavioral Medicine, What is a scientist, What is science, THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS, STEP 1, STEP2, STEP 3, Step 4, Hypothesis, Scientific Principles, Forms of scientific research, SIR AUSTIN Bradford Hill Rules for "Causation" ~ establishing evidence of a casual Relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect, Behavioral Science, BehaVIORAL scientists have too...., Womens Health Initiative (WHI), Trials Began?, OPPORTUNITY COST TO INTERVENTION, EXAMPLE, Evidence Based Practice, How do practitioners apply this practice, Hierarchy of Evidence, Refinement Process, PEER Reviewers Journals have to..., PEER Review, PEER REVIEW DOES NOT, Scientific articles, SPORT+ Exercise Psych: APPROACH, Psychological Approach, SOCIAL, Cognitive BehavIORAL Approach, Scientific Approaches USED For, Why/How, ETHICAL STANDARDS flashcards
KN 237 Lecture 2

KN 237 Lecture 2

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  • Behavioral Medicine
    study of development & intregration of Behavioral.+ Biomedical Science Relevant to health & Illness by application of knowledge to prevention, Diagnosis, and Rehab.
  • What is a scientist
    Someone who conducts explements and analysis the data.
  • What is science
    Its the study of the physical and Natural world through observation + experiments following a systemic process.
  • THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS
    4 steps
  • STEP 1
    Identify the PROBLEM~INDependent variable; what the ReaseRcher is manipulating ~ Dependent variable; the effect of ID
  • STEP2
    formuLATE
  • STEP 3
    GATHER DATA
  • Step 4
    Analyze, Refine Hypothesis
  • Hypothesis
    An idea /explanation that is proven by Tests through study / OR/ experiments
  • Scientific Principles
    1) Verifiability 2) Falsifiability - Hypothesis Can Be PROVed WRONG 3) Predictability - Hypothesis allows us to make predictions 4)Fairness -All Data must be considered, No Bias
  • Forms of scientific research
    ~ OBSERVATION~ Experiment~ Analytical Research - HISTORICAL Philysophic, Review etc ~Qualitative
  • SIR AUSTIN Bradford Hill Rules for "Causation" ~ establishing evidence of a casual Relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect
    Strength, consistency, specificity temporality, Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Analogy
  • Behavioral Science
    is the systemic analysis and Investigation of human + other animal behavior through controlled & Naturalistic observation to accomplish legitimate conclusions
  • BehaVIORAL scientists have too....
    understand behavior + change, Provide evidence Relevant to a decision, Identify & Capitalize on mechanisms of Impact, and Develop interventions. effective, sustainable
  • Womens Health Initiative (WHI)
    Decades of observational studies indicated that estrogen/progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was linked to a 40% -50% Reduction Rate in Coronary heart disease (CHD) RISK in. post-menopausal women.
  • Trials Began?
    IN 1997 involving randomized women to either HRT OR placebo, planned to go → 2005 BUT stopped IN 2002 Due to effects ON Health Risks (cancer, Stroke etc
  • OPPORTUNITY COST TO INTERVENTION
    Refers to the trade offs' Involved in one treatment over another *Helps weigh the long-term costs & Benefits Of Different clinical trials
  • EXAMPLE
    If the clinician decides to implement HRT based on INihal observational benefits (e.g.): Coronary Heart Disease) the Opportunity COST would be the potential benefits from alternative treatments.
  • Evidence Based Practice
    a process that combines the Best available Scientific evidence with clinical expertise to inform the Delivery of services & treatment
  • How do practitioners apply this practice
    1) BEST Available Research & Evidence 2) Population CHARACTERISTICS, Needs, Values, preferences 3)Resources Including practitioner's expertise
  • Hierarchy of Evidence
    •Scientific evidence is systematic Reviews •Scientific evidence is 1 OR MORE Journals • Public Health Surveillance * Program evaluations
  • Refinement Process
    1) community assessment 2.) Quantifying the issue 3.) Develop statement 4.) Define what IS KNOWN 5.) Develop + PRIORitize PROGRAM & Policy 6) Develop An ACTION plan with intervention 7)
  • PEER Reviewers Journals have to...
    to ensure the quality + credibility of work, & maintain + Improve Standards, they Accept OR Deny/Reject
  • PEER Review
    Autors submit Manuscript to jOURNAL of choices & EDITOR sends copies to 2-3 experts each Review & critique Manuscript
  • PEER REVIEW DOES NOT
    • Incognito, Doesn't Reveal Identity -DO NOT ACT as Groups
  • Scientific articles
    ABSTRACT The SUMMARY, INTRODUCTION:What was the PROBLEM • Methods: How Did you study?• Results: What Did you FIND •DISCUSSION: What do these findings mean
  • SPORT+ Exercise Psych: APPROACH
    Psychophysiological Approach, Social Psychological Approach, Cognitive behavioral approach
  • Psychological Approach
    focus: the Relationship w/ the PoRain → physical performance -How physiological processes (e.g. HR muscle Activity. Brain waves) influence athletic performance
  • SOCIAL
    Psychological Approach. focus: Examines How an individual's Behavior IN Sports & exercise is influenced By Social interactions, Dynamics, and cultural factors that affect Behavior + attitude.
  • Cognitive BehavIORAL Approach
    focus: ON HOW thought Processes & mental Strategies affect actions + performance outcomes
  • Scientific Approaches USED For
    PERFORMANCE ART, Business + CORPORATE (Leadership), Military, MEDICAL (SURGEON + ER), EDUCATION (Teachers)
  • Why/How
    Each category is important but the process to improvement has a different path for each due to different circumstances.
  • ETHICAL STANDARDS
    competence: maintain the highest standards in your work + Recognize the limits, Integrity: No false advertisement, PROFESSIONAL + Scientific Responsibility (Always place the interests of clients), Respect Rights: Privacy + confidentiality, Welfare (overall well Being), SOCIAL Responsibility