KN 237 Lecture 2 Test and Flashcards

Behavioral Medicine

study of development & intregration of Behavioral.+ Biomedical Science Relevant to health & Illness by application of knowledge to prevention, Diagnosis, and Rehab.

What is a scientist

Someone who conducts explements and analysis the data.

What is science

Its the study of the physical and Natural world through observation + experiments following a systemic process.

THE SCIENTIFIC PROCESS

4 steps

STEP 1

Identify the PROBLEM~INDependent variable; what the ReaseRcher is manipulating ~ Dependent variable; the effect of ID

STEP2

formuLATE

STEP 3

GATHER DATA

Step 4

Analyze, Refine Hypothesis

Hypothesis

An idea /explanation that is proven by Tests through study / OR/ experiments

Scientific Principles

1) Verifiability 2) Falsifiability - Hypothesis Can Be PROVed WRONG 3) Predictability - Hypothesis allows us to make predictions 4)Fairness -All Data must be considered, No Bias

Forms of scientific research

~ OBSERVATION~ Experiment~ Analytical Research - HISTORICAL Philysophic, Review etc ~Qualitative

SIR AUSTIN Bradford Hill Rules for "Causation" ~ establishing evidence of a casual Relationship between a presumed cause and an observed effect

Strength, consistency, specificity temporality, Biological Gradient, Plausibility, Analogy

Behavioral Science

is the systemic analysis and Investigation of human + other animal behavior through controlled & Naturalistic observation to accomplish legitimate conclusions

BehaVIORAL scientists have too....

understand behavior + change, Provide evidence Relevant to a decision, Identify & Capitalize on mechanisms of Impact, and Develop interventions. effective, sustainable

Womens Health Initiative (WHI)

Decades of observational studies indicated that estrogen/progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) was linked to a 40% -50% Reduction Rate in Coronary heart disease (CHD) RISK in. post-menopausal women.

Trials Began?

IN 1997 involving randomized women to either HRT OR placebo, planned to go → 2005 BUT stopped IN 2002 Due to effects ON Health Risks (cancer, Stroke etc

OPPORTUNITY COST TO INTERVENTION

Refers to the trade offs' Involved in one treatment over another *Helps weigh the long-term costs & Benefits Of Different clinical trials

EXAMPLE

If the clinician decides to implement HRT based on INihal observational benefits (e.g.): Coronary Heart Disease) the Opportunity COST would be the potential benefits from alternative treatments.

Evidence Based Practice

a process that combines the Best available Scientific evidence with clinical expertise to inform the Delivery of services & treatment

How do practitioners apply this practice

1) BEST Available Research & Evidence 2) Population CHARACTERISTICS, Needs, Values, preferences 3)Resources Including practitioner's expertise

Hierarchy of Evidence

•Scientific evidence is systematic Reviews •Scientific evidence is 1 OR MORE Journals • Public Health Surveillance * Program evaluations

Refinement Process

1) community assessment 2.) Quantifying the issue 3.) Develop statement 4.) Define what IS KNOWN 5.) Develop + PRIORitize PROGRAM & Policy 6) Develop An ACTION plan with intervention 7)

PEER Reviewers Journals have to...

to ensure the quality + credibility of work, & maintain + Improve Standards, they Accept OR Deny/Reject

PEER Review

Autors submit Manuscript to jOURNAL of choices & EDITOR sends copies to 2-3 experts each Review & critique Manuscript

PEER REVIEW DOES NOT

• Incognito, Doesn't Reveal Identity -DO NOT ACT as Groups

Scientific articles

ABSTRACT The SUMMARY, INTRODUCTION:What was the PROBLEM • Methods: How Did you study?• Results: What Did you FIND •DISCUSSION: What do these findings mean

SPORT+ Exercise Psych: APPROACH

Psychophysiological Approach, Social Psychological Approach, Cognitive behavioral approach

Psychological Approach

focus: the Relationship w/ the PoRain → physical performance -How physiological processes (e.g. HR muscle Activity. Brain waves) influence athletic performance

SOCIAL

Psychological Approach. focus: Examines How an individual's Behavior IN Sports & exercise is influenced By Social interactions, Dynamics, and cultural factors that affect Behavior + attitude.

Cognitive BehavIORAL Approach

focus: ON HOW thought Processes & mental Strategies affect actions + performance outcomes

Scientific Approaches USED For

PERFORMANCE ART, Business + CORPORATE (Leadership), Military, MEDICAL (SURGEON + ER), EDUCATION (Teachers)

Why/How

Each category is important but the process to improvement has a different path for each due to different circumstances.

ETHICAL STANDARDS

competence: maintain the highest standards in your work + Recognize the limits, Integrity: No false advertisement, PROFESSIONAL + Scientific Responsibility (Always place the interests of clients), Respect Rights: Privacy + confidentiality, Welfare (overall well Being), SOCIAL Responsibility

Flashcards: KN 237 Lecture 2