Kinesiology

study of movement through the application of anatomy, physiology, physics and mechanics.

study of force exerted on an object.

branch of mechanics describing movement of the human body without consideration of the forces or torque needed to produce.

movement of bones in space about a joint

EX: flexion and extension

movement of bone surfaces during joint movement

EX: roll and glide

branch of mechanics describing how forces or torque affect the body

Two or more forces acting along the same line

* can be in the same or opposite direction but same line

Occur in the same plane and in the same or opposite direction

.Specific configuration of parallel forces

.Two or more forces act in different directions

.produces clockwise or counterclockwise rotation.

.Two or more forces acting on an object

.Push or pull in different directions

.Resultant force vector

-Represents the sum of the magnitudes and directions of each individual force vector

-Indicts the magnitude and direction of the movement

-Results from the application of all the forces acting on the object

joint surfaces pull apart

joint surfaces push closer tg

gliding motion of the joint surfaces

two opposing forces twisting within an object in opposite directions

Sagittal

•vertically anterior to posterior

•divides body into right and left

Frontal

•vertically side to side divides

•body into anterior and posterior

Horizontal

• horizontally divides body into

• superior and inferior

Sagittal

•anterior to posterior

Frontal

•side to side

Vertical

•superior to inferior

.force is not applied at the central axis of an elongated object, causing the object to bend.

-Concave surface one side and convex surface on other side

-Compression on concave side and traction on convex side

More stable

Large BOS 

Wide BOS in direction of disturbance

COG lower to BOS

COG centered in BOS

Greater mass

Greater friction between object and BOS

Less stable

Small BOS 

Narrow BOS in direction of disturbance

COG higher to BOS

COG close to margin in BOS

Lesser mass

Lesser friction between object and BOS

.Axis is between force and resistance

.F – A – R or R – A – F

.ex: cervical flexion and extension

Sagittal plane in frontal axis

Frontal plane on the sagittal axis

in the horizontal plane about the vertical axis

.Resistance is between the axis and the force.

.A – R – F or F – R – A

.Mechanical advantage: FA always longer than RA

.ex:calf raise

.Force is between the axis and resistance.

.A – F – R or R – F – A

.Mechanical advantage: RA always longer than FA

ex: biceps muscle flexion/extension

.support the body

.protect organs

.serve as anatomical landmark

.enable movement

.store minerals

.produce red blood cells

7

12

5

26

*hint*

think breakfast, lunch and dinner

cervical- 7 am

thoracic- 12pm

lumbar-5pm

Cranuim(8)

frontal

sphenoid

ethmoid

occipital

parietal and temporal (paired)

Face(14)

mandible

vomer

maxilla

zygomatic

lacrimal

inferior concha

palatine

Nasal

other bones(7)

hyboid

ear ossicles(3 pairs)

Vertebral Column (26)

cervical (7)

thoracic (12)

lumbar (5)

sacrum (5*) fused

coccyx (3*) fused

Thorax (25)

sternum

ribs (12 pairs, 24total)

-true ribs:7

-false ribs:3

-Floating:2

Upper extremity (64)

scapula

clavical

humerus

ulna

radius

carpals(16)

metacarpals(10)

phalanges (28)

Lower extremity(62)

innominate

femur

tibia

fibula

patella

tarsals(14)

metatarsals (10)

phalanges (28)

•Foramen

•Fossa

•Groove

•Meatus

•Sinus

hole through which blood vessels, nerves and ligaments pass through.

ex: vertebral foramen of cervical vertebrae

hollow or depression

ex: glenoid fossa of scapula

long, narrow channel containing a tendon, nerve or blood vessel.

ex: bicipital groove of humerus

canal or tube-like opening in bone

ex: external auditory meatus

air or fluid filled cavity

ex: frontal sinus