2023-11-22T01:21:56+03:00[Europe/Moscow] en true <p>Nociception </p>, <p>vertebral level; dermatome </p>, <p>A delta; C </p>, <p>through Dorsal root ganglions (DRG)</p>, <p>TRPV, TRPM</p>, <p>ASIC, DRASIC</p>, <p>DP, EP</p>, <p>Transient Receptor Potential Channels</p>, <p>spinothalamic (anterolateral), spinoreticular </p>, <p>a</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>neuron decussates &amp; travels up contralateral side; synapses in thalamus, 3rd order neuron travels to sensory cortex to localize pain &amp; periaqueductal gray</p>, <p>Thalamus </p>, <p>Spinoreticular tract</p>, <p>neuron cross-links &amp; travels up contralateral side; synapses in reticular formation of brain stem; 3rd order neurons travel to thalamus &amp; hypothalamus; 4th order neurons travel to cortex &amp; amygdala </p>, <p>a</p>, <p>periaqueductal gray; midbrain </p>, <p>stimulation of PAG leads to NT release that activates interneurons within the spinal cord; these interneurons inhibit 2nd order ascending pain neurons; causing endogenous opioid signaling </p>, <p>serotonin, NE</p>, <p>GABA, Opioids (enkephalins)</p>, <p>&lt; 6 months</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>allodynia </p>, <p>c</p>, <p>a</p>, <p>b</p>, <p>no diagnostic test; other sources of widespread pain are ruled out</p>, <p>central sensitization- persistent neuronal hyper-excitability, impaired descending pain modulation </p>, <p>pain perception threshold (allodynia); pain tolerance (hyperalgesia) </p>, <p>wide-spread muscle/ joint pain, fatigue</p>, <p>sleep disorder</p>, <p>spinal cord lesions, neuropathy, kidney failure </p> flashcards
Intro to Pain Conditions

Intro to Pain Conditions

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  • Nociception

    -activation of sensory pain receptors throughout the body

  • vertebral level; dermatome

    Ganglia are found at ______ and the region they innervate is known as the _______.

  • A delta; C

    Which fibers are related to pain? (2)

  • through Dorsal root ganglions (DRG)

    How do the limbs and our trunks communicate touch, temp, pain, etc?

  • TRPV, TRPM

    What are the Transient Receptor potential channels? (2)

  • ASIC, DRASIC

    What are the Acid Sensing Ion channels? (2)

  • DP, EP

    What are the Prostaglandin Receptors? (2)

  • Transient Receptor Potential Channels

    ______________ are often referred to as pain channels.

  • spinothalamic (anterolateral), spinoreticular

    What are the two pathways that second-order neurons can follow?

  • a

    Which tract responds to pain & temperature?

    a) Neo

    b) Paleo

  • b

    Which tract responds to crude touch?

    a) Neo

    b) Paleo

  • neuron decussates & travels up contralateral side; synapses in thalamus, 3rd order neuron travels to sensory cortex to localize pain & periaqueductal gray

    Explain the Spinothalamic tract.

  • Thalamus

    - the central processing station of sensory information

  • Spinoreticular tract

    __________ is related to the emotional aspects of pain.

  • neuron cross-links & travels up contralateral side; synapses in reticular formation of brain stem; 3rd order neurons travel to thalamus & hypothalamus; 4th order neurons travel to cortex & amygdala

    Explain the Spinoreticular tract.

  • a

    Which tract has 4th order neurons?

    a) spinoreticular

    b) spinothalamic

  • periaqueductal gray; midbrain

    The Descending pain pathway is regulated by ___________; a region in the ________.

  • stimulation of PAG leads to NT release that activates interneurons within the spinal cord; these interneurons inhibit 2nd order ascending pain neurons; causing endogenous opioid signaling

    Explain the Descending pain pathway.

  • serotonin, NE

    What are the Descending Neurotransmitters? (2)

  • GABA, Opioids (enkephalins)

    What are the Interneuron Neurotransmitters? (2)

  • < 6 months

    How long does acute pain last?

  • b

    Which involves autonomic responses (increased HR, SV, BP, etc)?

    a) chronic pain

    b) acute pain

  • a

    Which involves a decrease in sleep, libido, and appetite?

    a) chronic pain

    b) acute pain

  • a

    Which is most likely to cause depression?

    a) chronic pain

    b) acute pain

  • b

    Which is most likely to cause anxiety?

    a) chronic pain

    b) acute pain

  • allodynia

    -nociception and pain from a non-painful stimulus; like a t-shirt after a sunburn.

  • c

    Mu Opioid Receptors have high affinity for _______

    a) Enkephalins

    b) Dynorphins

    c) Endorphins

  • a

    Delta Opioid Receptors have high affinity for ________.

    a) Enkephalins

    b) Dynorphins

    c) Endorphins

  • b

    Kappa Opioid Receptors have high affinity for _________.

    a) Enkephalins

    b) Dynorphins

    c) Endorphins

  • no diagnostic test; other sources of widespread pain are ruled out

    How is Fibromyalgia diagnosed?

  • central sensitization- persistent neuronal hyper-excitability, impaired descending pain modulation

    What are the two primary mechanisms of Fibromyalgia?

  • pain perception threshold (allodynia); pain tolerance (hyperalgesia)

    Patients with Fibromyalgia have a decrease in ________ & ________.

  • wide-spread muscle/ joint pain, fatigue

    Symptoms of Fibromyalgia? (2)

  • sleep disorder

    Restless Leg Syndrome is classified as a ____________.

  • spinal cord lesions, neuropathy, kidney failure

    Which conditions often accompany Restless Leg syndrome? (3)