Hosam Mohamed-
Proto-Oncogenes
-genes that regulate normal cellular function
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Tumor-Suppressor genes
-regulate and inhibit inappropriate cellular growth and proliferation
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a
Abnormalities in _______ can cause inappropriate cell growth.
a) Tumor-suppressor genes
b) Proto-Oncogenes
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b
Abnormalities in ________ can cause excessive amounts of gene product or abnormal gene product.
a) Tumor-suppressor genes
b) Proto-Oncogenes
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b
An increase in cell number with normal morphology.
a) In situ cancer
b) Hyperplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Invasive Cancer
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c
Increased cell proliferation with abnormal morphology.
a) In situ cancer
b) Hyperplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Invasive Cancer
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a
Cancer is located in one place.
a) In situ cancer
b) Hyperplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Invasive Cancer
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d
Cancer has invaded neighboring tissue.
a) In situ cancer
b) Hyperplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Invasive Cancer
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squamous, adenocarcinoma, large cell
What are the 3 types of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLS)?
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fast growth rate, associated w/paraneoplastic syndrome, small neoplastic cells
What are the characteristics of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)? (3)
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slow growing at early stages, fast metastasis
What are the characteristics of Adenocarcinoma? (2)
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undifferentiated epithelial tumor, large & bulky, fast metastasis
What are the characteristics of Large Cell Carcinoma? (3)
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c
Which secretes peptide hormones?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
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c
Which DOES NOT require genetic testing?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
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b
Which has a higher incidence in males?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
-
a
Which metastasizes from a small tumor?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
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superior vena cava syndrome, hoarseness, horner syndrome, bone pain, hepatomegaly
What are the signs & symptoms of metastatic spread? (5)
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paraneoplastic syndromes
-signs and symptoms that occur away from the primary tumor and are not associated with direct tumor involvement.
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visualization/scans, biopsy
How do we diagnose cancer? (2)
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chest x-ray, CT scan, PET scan
What devices do we use to diagnose cancer? (3)
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tumor-size, node-how many, metastasis-how far is the spread
TNM staging? (3)
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age >=50 with >=20 pack year
Who do we recommend a Low-Dose CT scan to?
-
a
Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
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b
Restricted in physically strenuous activity, but able to carry out light work.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
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c
Capable of all self-care, unable to carry out work activities, up and about more than 50% of waking hours.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
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d
Capable of limited self-care; confined to bed/chair 50% of the time.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
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e
Completely disabled; totally confined to bed or chair.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
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stage at diagnosis
Prognosis is dependent on _________.
-
a
Small tumor, no lymph nodes involved.
a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV
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b
Tumor has grown slightly; the nearest lymph node is involved.
a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV
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c
Lymph node metastases has occurred.
a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV
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d
Cancer has spread to other organs.
a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV
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b
Which occurs centrally in the lungs?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
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a
Which is the most common?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
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d
Which occurs in the periphery of the lungs?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
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major bronchi ; periphery
Where does Small Cell Carcinoma occur?
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b
Which has a higher incidence in smokers?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
-
b
Which doubles in size every 120 days?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
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b
Which metastasizes slowly?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
