Proto-Oncogenes
-genes that regulate normal cellular function
Tumor-Suppressor genes
-regulate and inhibit inappropriate cellular growth and proliferation
a
Abnormalities in _______ can cause inappropriate cell growth.
a) Tumor-suppressor genes
b) Proto-Oncogenes
b
Abnormalities in ________ can cause excessive amounts of gene product or abnormal gene product.
a) Tumor-suppressor genes
b) Proto-Oncogenes
b
An increase in cell number with normal morphology.
a) In situ cancer
b) Hyperplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Invasive Cancer
c
Increased cell proliferation with abnormal morphology.
a) In situ cancer
b) Hyperplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Invasive Cancer
a
Cancer is located in one place.
a) In situ cancer
b) Hyperplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Invasive Cancer
d
Cancer has invaded neighboring tissue.
a) In situ cancer
b) Hyperplasia
c) Dysplasia
d) Invasive Cancer
squamous, adenocarcinoma, large cell
What are the 3 types of Non-small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLS)?
fast growth rate, associated w/paraneoplastic syndrome, small neoplastic cells
What are the characteristics of Small Cell Lung Cancer (SCLC)? (3)
slow growing at early stages, fast metastasis
What are the characteristics of Adenocarcinoma? (2)
undifferentiated epithelial tumor, large & bulky, fast metastasis
What are the characteristics of Large Cell Carcinoma? (3)
c
Which secretes peptide hormones?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
c
Which DOES NOT require genetic testing?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
b
Which has a higher incidence in males?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
a
Which metastasizes from a small tumor?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
superior vena cava syndrome, hoarseness, horner syndrome, bone pain, hepatomegaly
What are the signs & symptoms of metastatic spread? (5)
paraneoplastic syndromes
-signs and symptoms that occur away from the primary tumor and are not associated with direct tumor involvement.
visualization/scans, biopsy
How do we diagnose cancer? (2)
chest x-ray, CT scan, PET scan
What devices do we use to diagnose cancer? (3)
tumor-size, node-how many, metastasis-how far is the spread
TNM staging? (3)
age >=50 with >=20 pack year
Who do we recommend a Low-Dose CT scan to?
a
Fully active, able to carry on all pre-disease performance.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
b
Restricted in physically strenuous activity, but able to carry out light work.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
c
Capable of all self-care, unable to carry out work activities, up and about more than 50% of waking hours.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
d
Capable of limited self-care; confined to bed/chair 50% of the time.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
e
Completely disabled; totally confined to bed or chair.
a) ECOG 0
b) ECOG 1
c) ECOG 2
d) ECOG 3
e) ECOG 4
f) ECOG 5
stage at diagnosis
Prognosis is dependent on _________.
a
Small tumor, no lymph nodes involved.
a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV
b
Tumor has grown slightly; the nearest lymph node is involved.
a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV
c
Lymph node metastases has occurred.
a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV
d
Cancer has spread to other organs.
a) Stage I
b) Stage II
c) Stage III
d) Stage IV
b
Which occurs centrally in the lungs?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
a
Which is the most common?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
d
Which occurs in the periphery of the lungs?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
major bronchi ; periphery
Where does Small Cell Carcinoma occur?
b
Which has a higher incidence in smokers?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
b
Which doubles in size every 120 days?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell
b
Which metastasizes slowly?
a) Adenocarcinoma
b) Squamous Cell
c) Small Cell
d) Large Cell